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Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs

Beyond their central role in protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have many other crucial functions. This includes various roles in the regulation of gene expression, stress responses, metabolic processes and priming reverse transcription. In the RNA world, tRNAs are, with ribosomal RNAs, among...

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Autores principales: Megel, Cyrille, Morelle, Geoffrey, Lalande, Stéphanie, Duchêne, Anne-Marie, Small, Ian, Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307339/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599528
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16011873
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author Megel, Cyrille
Morelle, Geoffrey
Lalande, Stéphanie
Duchêne, Anne-Marie
Small, Ian
Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence
author_facet Megel, Cyrille
Morelle, Geoffrey
Lalande, Stéphanie
Duchêne, Anne-Marie
Small, Ian
Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence
author_sort Megel, Cyrille
collection PubMed
description Beyond their central role in protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have many other crucial functions. This includes various roles in the regulation of gene expression, stress responses, metabolic processes and priming reverse transcription. In the RNA world, tRNAs are, with ribosomal RNAs, among the most stable molecules. Nevertheless, they are not eternal. As key elements of cell function, tRNAs need to be continuously quality-controlled. Two tRNA surveillance pathways have been identified. They act on hypo-modified or mis-processed pre-tRNAs and on mature tRNAs lacking modifications. A short overview of these two pathways will be presented here. Furthermore, while the exoribonucleases acting in these pathways ultimately lead to complete tRNA degradation, numerous tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are present within a cell. These cleavage products of tRNAs now potentially emerge as a new class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and are suspected to have important regulatory functions. The tRFs are evolutionarily widespread and created by cleavage at different positions by various endonucleases. Here, we review our present knowledge on the biogenesis and function of tRFs in various organisms.
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spelling pubmed-43073392015-02-02 Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs Megel, Cyrille Morelle, Geoffrey Lalande, Stéphanie Duchêne, Anne-Marie Small, Ian Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence Int J Mol Sci Review Beyond their central role in protein synthesis, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) have many other crucial functions. This includes various roles in the regulation of gene expression, stress responses, metabolic processes and priming reverse transcription. In the RNA world, tRNAs are, with ribosomal RNAs, among the most stable molecules. Nevertheless, they are not eternal. As key elements of cell function, tRNAs need to be continuously quality-controlled. Two tRNA surveillance pathways have been identified. They act on hypo-modified or mis-processed pre-tRNAs and on mature tRNAs lacking modifications. A short overview of these two pathways will be presented here. Furthermore, while the exoribonucleases acting in these pathways ultimately lead to complete tRNA degradation, numerous tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are present within a cell. These cleavage products of tRNAs now potentially emerge as a new class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and are suspected to have important regulatory functions. The tRFs are evolutionarily widespread and created by cleavage at different positions by various endonucleases. Here, we review our present knowledge on the biogenesis and function of tRFs in various organisms. MDPI 2015-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4307339/ /pubmed/25599528 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16011873 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Megel, Cyrille
Morelle, Geoffrey
Lalande, Stéphanie
Duchêne, Anne-Marie
Small, Ian
Maréchal-Drouard, Laurence
Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_full Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_fullStr Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_full_unstemmed Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_short Surveillance and Cleavage of Eukaryotic tRNAs
title_sort surveillance and cleavage of eukaryotic trnas
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4307339/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599528
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16011873
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