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Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance

BACKGROUND: Limited research exists examining the impact of nutrition on golfing performance. This study’s purpose was to determine the impact of daily supplementation with an over-the-counter dietary supplement on golf performance. METHODS: Healthy men (30.3 ± 6.9 y, 183.1 ± 5.6 cm, 86.7 ± 11.9 kg)...

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Autores principales: Ziegenfuss, Tim N, Habowski, Scott M, Lemieux, Robert, Sandrock, Jennifer E, Kedia, A William, Kerksick, Chad M, Lopez, Hector L
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4308854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-014-0065-4
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author Ziegenfuss, Tim N
Habowski, Scott M
Lemieux, Robert
Sandrock, Jennifer E
Kedia, A William
Kerksick, Chad M
Lopez, Hector L
author_facet Ziegenfuss, Tim N
Habowski, Scott M
Lemieux, Robert
Sandrock, Jennifer E
Kedia, A William
Kerksick, Chad M
Lopez, Hector L
author_sort Ziegenfuss, Tim N
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Limited research exists examining the impact of nutrition on golfing performance. This study’s purpose was to determine the impact of daily supplementation with an over-the-counter dietary supplement on golf performance. METHODS: Healthy men (30.3 ± 6.9 y, 183.1 ± 5.6 cm, 86.7 ± 11.9 kg), with a 5–15 handicap were assigned in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner to ingest for 30 days either a placebo (PLA, n = 13) or a dietary supplement containing creatine monohydrate, coffea arabica fruit extract, calcium fructoborate and vitamin D (Strong Drive™, SD, n = 14). Subjects ingested two daily doses for the first two weeks and one daily dose for the remaining two weeks. Participants followed their normal dietary habits and did not change their physical activity patterns. Two identical testing sessions in a pre/post fashion were completed consisting of a fasting blood sample, anthropometric measurements, 1-RM bench press, upper body power and golf swing performance using their driver and 7-iron. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed factorial ANOVAs and ANCOVA when baseline differences were present. Statistical significance was established a priori at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed significantly greater (post-test) best drive distance (p = 0.04) for SD (+5.0% [+13.6 yards], ES = 0.75) as well as a tendency (p = 0.07) for average drive distance to increase (+8.4% [+19.6 yards], ES = 0.65), while no such changes were found with PLA (−0.5% [−1.2 yards], ES = 0.04 and +1.3% [+2.8 yards], ES = 0.08, respectively). Both groups experienced significant increases in body mass and 1-RM bench press (p < 0.001). No other significant group × time interactions were found. For the SD group only, within-group analysis confirmed significant improvements in set 1 average (+8.9%, p = 0.001) and peak velocity (+6.8%, p < =0.01). No changes were noted for reported adverse events, pain inventories, quality of life or any measured blood parameter. CONCLUSIONS: SD supplementation for 30 days significantly improved best drive distance more than placebo. Supplementation was well tolerated and did not result in any clinically significant changes in markers of health or adverse events/side effect profiles.
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spelling pubmed-43088542015-01-29 Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance Ziegenfuss, Tim N Habowski, Scott M Lemieux, Robert Sandrock, Jennifer E Kedia, A William Kerksick, Chad M Lopez, Hector L J Int Soc Sports Nutr Research Article BACKGROUND: Limited research exists examining the impact of nutrition on golfing performance. This study’s purpose was to determine the impact of daily supplementation with an over-the-counter dietary supplement on golf performance. METHODS: Healthy men (30.3 ± 6.9 y, 183.1 ± 5.6 cm, 86.7 ± 11.9 kg), with a 5–15 handicap were assigned in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner to ingest for 30 days either a placebo (PLA, n = 13) or a dietary supplement containing creatine monohydrate, coffea arabica fruit extract, calcium fructoborate and vitamin D (Strong Drive™, SD, n = 14). Subjects ingested two daily doses for the first two weeks and one daily dose for the remaining two weeks. Participants followed their normal dietary habits and did not change their physical activity patterns. Two identical testing sessions in a pre/post fashion were completed consisting of a fasting blood sample, anthropometric measurements, 1-RM bench press, upper body power and golf swing performance using their driver and 7-iron. Data were analyzed using two-way mixed factorial ANOVAs and ANCOVA when baseline differences were present. Statistical significance was established a priori at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed significantly greater (post-test) best drive distance (p = 0.04) for SD (+5.0% [+13.6 yards], ES = 0.75) as well as a tendency (p = 0.07) for average drive distance to increase (+8.4% [+19.6 yards], ES = 0.65), while no such changes were found with PLA (−0.5% [−1.2 yards], ES = 0.04 and +1.3% [+2.8 yards], ES = 0.08, respectively). Both groups experienced significant increases in body mass and 1-RM bench press (p < 0.001). No other significant group × time interactions were found. For the SD group only, within-group analysis confirmed significant improvements in set 1 average (+8.9%, p = 0.001) and peak velocity (+6.8%, p < =0.01). No changes were noted for reported adverse events, pain inventories, quality of life or any measured blood parameter. CONCLUSIONS: SD supplementation for 30 days significantly improved best drive distance more than placebo. Supplementation was well tolerated and did not result in any clinically significant changes in markers of health or adverse events/side effect profiles. BioMed Central 2015-01-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4308854/ /pubmed/25632274 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-014-0065-4 Text en © Ziegenfuss et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ziegenfuss, Tim N
Habowski, Scott M
Lemieux, Robert
Sandrock, Jennifer E
Kedia, A William
Kerksick, Chad M
Lopez, Hector L
Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance
title Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance
title_full Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance
title_fullStr Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance
title_full_unstemmed Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance
title_short Effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance
title_sort effects of a dietary supplement on golf drive distance and functional indices of golf performance
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4308854/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25632274
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-014-0065-4
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