Cargando…
Stress and the Commensal Microbiota: Importance in Parturition and Infant Neurodevelopment
The body is colonized by an enormous array of microbes that are collectively called the microbiota. During quiescent periods, microbial communities within the gut are relatively resistant to change. However, several factors that disrupt homeostasis can also significantly change gut microbial communi...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00005 |
_version_ | 1782355238287572992 |
---|---|
author | Gur, Tamar L. Worly, Brett L. Bailey, Michael T. |
author_facet | Gur, Tamar L. Worly, Brett L. Bailey, Michael T. |
author_sort | Gur, Tamar L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The body is colonized by an enormous array of microbes that are collectively called the microbiota. During quiescent periods, microbial communities within the gut are relatively resistant to change. However, several factors that disrupt homeostasis can also significantly change gut microbial community structure. One factor that has been shown to change the composition of the gut microbiota is exposure to psychological stressors. Studies demonstrate that the commensal microbiota are involved in stressor-induced immunomodulation, but other biological effects are not yet known. This review discusses emerging evidence that the microbiota can impact the brain and behavior and indicates that stressor-induced alterations in the composition of gut microbial communities contribute to stressor-induced behavioral changes. This review will also discuss the evidence that such effects are most evident early in life, where both stress and the microbiota have been linked to birth outcomes, such as prematurity, and neurodevelopment. When considered together, a paradigm emerges in which stressor-induced alterations in commensal microbial populations significantly impact parturition and infant neurodevelopment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4313583 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43135832015-02-19 Stress and the Commensal Microbiota: Importance in Parturition and Infant Neurodevelopment Gur, Tamar L. Worly, Brett L. Bailey, Michael T. Front Psychiatry Psychiatry The body is colonized by an enormous array of microbes that are collectively called the microbiota. During quiescent periods, microbial communities within the gut are relatively resistant to change. However, several factors that disrupt homeostasis can also significantly change gut microbial community structure. One factor that has been shown to change the composition of the gut microbiota is exposure to psychological stressors. Studies demonstrate that the commensal microbiota are involved in stressor-induced immunomodulation, but other biological effects are not yet known. This review discusses emerging evidence that the microbiota can impact the brain and behavior and indicates that stressor-induced alterations in the composition of gut microbial communities contribute to stressor-induced behavioral changes. This review will also discuss the evidence that such effects are most evident early in life, where both stress and the microbiota have been linked to birth outcomes, such as prematurity, and neurodevelopment. When considered together, a paradigm emerges in which stressor-induced alterations in commensal microbial populations significantly impact parturition and infant neurodevelopment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-02-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4313583/ /pubmed/25698977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00005 Text en Copyright © 2015 Gur, Worly and Bailey. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Gur, Tamar L. Worly, Brett L. Bailey, Michael T. Stress and the Commensal Microbiota: Importance in Parturition and Infant Neurodevelopment |
title | Stress and the Commensal Microbiota: Importance in Parturition and Infant Neurodevelopment |
title_full | Stress and the Commensal Microbiota: Importance in Parturition and Infant Neurodevelopment |
title_fullStr | Stress and the Commensal Microbiota: Importance in Parturition and Infant Neurodevelopment |
title_full_unstemmed | Stress and the Commensal Microbiota: Importance in Parturition and Infant Neurodevelopment |
title_short | Stress and the Commensal Microbiota: Importance in Parturition and Infant Neurodevelopment |
title_sort | stress and the commensal microbiota: importance in parturition and infant neurodevelopment |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4313583/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25698977 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00005 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT gurtamarl stressandthecommensalmicrobiotaimportanceinparturitionandinfantneurodevelopment AT worlybrettl stressandthecommensalmicrobiotaimportanceinparturitionandinfantneurodevelopment AT baileymichaelt stressandthecommensalmicrobiotaimportanceinparturitionandinfantneurodevelopment |