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Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes in Tumoral Immune Resistance
Tryptophan is required for T lymphocyte effector functions. Its degradation is one of the mechanisms selected by tumors to resist immune destruction. Two enzymes, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, control tryptophan degradation through the kynurenine pathway. A third prot...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25691885 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00034 |
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author | van Baren, Nicolas Van den Eynde, Benoît J. |
author_facet | van Baren, Nicolas Van den Eynde, Benoît J. |
author_sort | van Baren, Nicolas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tryptophan is required for T lymphocyte effector functions. Its degradation is one of the mechanisms selected by tumors to resist immune destruction. Two enzymes, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, control tryptophan degradation through the kynurenine pathway. A third protein, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2, was identified more recently. All three enzymes were reported to be expressed in tumors, and are candidate targets for pharmacological inhibition aimed at restoring effective anti-tumoral immunity. In this review, we compare these three enzymes in terms of structure, activity, regulation, and expression in healthy and cancerous tissues, in order to appreciate their relevance to tumoral immune resistance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4315104 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43151042015-02-17 Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes in Tumoral Immune Resistance van Baren, Nicolas Van den Eynde, Benoît J. Front Immunol Immunology Tryptophan is required for T lymphocyte effector functions. Its degradation is one of the mechanisms selected by tumors to resist immune destruction. Two enzymes, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, control tryptophan degradation through the kynurenine pathway. A third protein, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2, was identified more recently. All three enzymes were reported to be expressed in tumors, and are candidate targets for pharmacological inhibition aimed at restoring effective anti-tumoral immunity. In this review, we compare these three enzymes in terms of structure, activity, regulation, and expression in healthy and cancerous tissues, in order to appreciate their relevance to tumoral immune resistance. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4315104/ /pubmed/25691885 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00034 Text en Copyright © 2015 van Baren and Van den Eynde. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology van Baren, Nicolas Van den Eynde, Benoît J. Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes in Tumoral Immune Resistance |
title | Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes in Tumoral Immune Resistance |
title_full | Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes in Tumoral Immune Resistance |
title_fullStr | Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes in Tumoral Immune Resistance |
title_full_unstemmed | Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes in Tumoral Immune Resistance |
title_short | Tryptophan-Degrading Enzymes in Tumoral Immune Resistance |
title_sort | tryptophan-degrading enzymes in tumoral immune resistance |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315104/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25691885 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00034 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT vanbarennicolas tryptophandegradingenzymesintumoralimmuneresistance AT vandeneyndebenoitj tryptophandegradingenzymesintumoralimmuneresistance |