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Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review
Anxiety and stress disorders are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. In recent years, multiple studies have examined brain regions and networks involved in anxiety symptomatology in an effort to better understand the mechanisms involved and to develop more effective treatments. Howe...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25670901 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S48528 |
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author | Duval, Elizabeth R Javanbakht, Arash Liberzon, Israel |
author_facet | Duval, Elizabeth R Javanbakht, Arash Liberzon, Israel |
author_sort | Duval, Elizabeth R |
collection | PubMed |
description | Anxiety and stress disorders are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. In recent years, multiple studies have examined brain regions and networks involved in anxiety symptomatology in an effort to better understand the mechanisms involved and to develop more effective treatments. However, much remains unknown regarding the specific abnormalities and interactions between networks of regions underlying anxiety disorder presentations. We examined recent neuroimaging literature that aims to identify neural mechanisms underlying anxiety, searching for patterns of neural dysfunction that might be specific to different anxiety disorder categories. Across different anxiety and stress disorders, patterns of hyperactivation in emotion-generating regions and hypoactivation in prefrontal/regulatory regions are common in the literature. Interestingly, evidence of differential patterns is also emerging, such that within a spectrum of disorders ranging from more fear-based to more anxiety-based, greater involvement of emotion-generating regions is reported in panic disorder and specific phobia, and greater involvement of prefrontal regions is reported in generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. We summarize the pertinent literature and suggest areas for continued investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4315464 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Dove Medical Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43154642015-02-10 Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review Duval, Elizabeth R Javanbakht, Arash Liberzon, Israel Ther Clin Risk Manag Review Anxiety and stress disorders are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders. In recent years, multiple studies have examined brain regions and networks involved in anxiety symptomatology in an effort to better understand the mechanisms involved and to develop more effective treatments. However, much remains unknown regarding the specific abnormalities and interactions between networks of regions underlying anxiety disorder presentations. We examined recent neuroimaging literature that aims to identify neural mechanisms underlying anxiety, searching for patterns of neural dysfunction that might be specific to different anxiety disorder categories. Across different anxiety and stress disorders, patterns of hyperactivation in emotion-generating regions and hypoactivation in prefrontal/regulatory regions are common in the literature. Interestingly, evidence of differential patterns is also emerging, such that within a spectrum of disorders ranging from more fear-based to more anxiety-based, greater involvement of emotion-generating regions is reported in panic disorder and specific phobia, and greater involvement of prefrontal regions is reported in generalized anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. We summarize the pertinent literature and suggest areas for continued investigation. Dove Medical Press 2015-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4315464/ /pubmed/25670901 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S48528 Text en © 2015 Duval et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. |
spellingShingle | Review Duval, Elizabeth R Javanbakht, Arash Liberzon, Israel Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review |
title | Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review |
title_full | Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review |
title_fullStr | Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review |
title_full_unstemmed | Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review |
title_short | Neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review |
title_sort | neural circuits in anxiety and stress disorders: a focused review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4315464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25670901 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S48528 |
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