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Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies

While the survival of extremely premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome has increased due to advanced respiratory care in recent years, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. NEC is more prevalent in lower gestational age and lower...

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Autor principal: Choi, Young Youn
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Korean Pediatric Society 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316593/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653683
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2014.57.12.505
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author Choi, Young Youn
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description While the survival of extremely premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome has increased due to advanced respiratory care in recent years, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. NEC is more prevalent in lower gestational age and lower birth weight groups. It is characterized by various degrees of mucosal or transmural necrosis of the intestine. Its exact pathogenesis remains unclear, but prematurity, enteral feeding, bacterial products, and intestinal ischemia have all been shown to cause activation of the inflammatory cascade, which is known as the final common pathway of intestinal injury. Awareness of the risk factors for NEC; practices to reduce the risk, including early trophic feeding with breast milk and following the established feeding guidelines; and administration of probiotics have been shown to reduce the incidence of NEC. Despite advancements in the knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of NEC, there is currently no universal prevention measure for this serious and often fatal disease. Therefore, new potential techniques to detect early biomarkers or factors specific to intestinal inflammation, as well as further strategies to prevent the activation of the inflammatory cascade, which is important for disease progression, should be investigated.
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spelling pubmed-43165932015-02-04 Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies Choi, Young Youn Korean J Pediatr Review Article While the survival of extremely premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome has increased due to advanced respiratory care in recent years, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. NEC is more prevalent in lower gestational age and lower birth weight groups. It is characterized by various degrees of mucosal or transmural necrosis of the intestine. Its exact pathogenesis remains unclear, but prematurity, enteral feeding, bacterial products, and intestinal ischemia have all been shown to cause activation of the inflammatory cascade, which is known as the final common pathway of intestinal injury. Awareness of the risk factors for NEC; practices to reduce the risk, including early trophic feeding with breast milk and following the established feeding guidelines; and administration of probiotics have been shown to reduce the incidence of NEC. Despite advancements in the knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of NEC, there is currently no universal prevention measure for this serious and often fatal disease. Therefore, new potential techniques to detect early biomarkers or factors specific to intestinal inflammation, as well as further strategies to prevent the activation of the inflammatory cascade, which is important for disease progression, should be investigated. The Korean Pediatric Society 2014-12 2014-12-31 /pmc/articles/PMC4316593/ /pubmed/25653683 http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2014.57.12.505 Text en Copyright © 2014 by The Korean Pediatric Society http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Choi, Young Youn
Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies
title Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies
title_full Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies
title_fullStr Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies
title_full_unstemmed Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies
title_short Necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies
title_sort necrotizing enterocolitis in newborns: update in pathophysiology and newly emerging therapeutic strategies
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316593/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25653683
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2014.57.12.505
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