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Conformational Changes during Pore Formation by the Perforin-Related Protein Pleurotolysin
Membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) proteins comprise the largest superfamily of pore-forming proteins, playing crucial roles in immunity and pathogenesis. Soluble monomers assemble into large transmembrane pores via conformational transitions that remain to be structurally and mechanistic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318580/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25654333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002049 |
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author | Lukoyanova, Natalya Kondos, Stephanie C. Farabella, Irene Law, Ruby H. P. Reboul, Cyril F. Caradoc-Davies, Tom T. Spicer, Bradley A. Kleifeld, Oded Traore, Daouda A. K. Ekkel, Susan M. Voskoboinik, Ilia Trapani, Joseph A. Hatfaludi, Tamas Oliver, Katherine Hotze, Eileen M. Tweten, Rodney K. Whisstock, James C. Topf, Maya Saibil, Helen R. Dunstone, Michelle A. |
author_facet | Lukoyanova, Natalya Kondos, Stephanie C. Farabella, Irene Law, Ruby H. P. Reboul, Cyril F. Caradoc-Davies, Tom T. Spicer, Bradley A. Kleifeld, Oded Traore, Daouda A. K. Ekkel, Susan M. Voskoboinik, Ilia Trapani, Joseph A. Hatfaludi, Tamas Oliver, Katherine Hotze, Eileen M. Tweten, Rodney K. Whisstock, James C. Topf, Maya Saibil, Helen R. Dunstone, Michelle A. |
author_sort | Lukoyanova, Natalya |
collection | PubMed |
description | Membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) proteins comprise the largest superfamily of pore-forming proteins, playing crucial roles in immunity and pathogenesis. Soluble monomers assemble into large transmembrane pores via conformational transitions that remain to be structurally and mechanistically characterised. Here we present an 11 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the two-part, fungal toxin Pleurotolysin (Ply), together with crystal structures of both components (the lipid binding PlyA protein and the pore-forming MACPF component PlyB). These data reveal a 13-fold pore 80 Å in diameter and 100 Å in height, with each subunit comprised of a PlyB molecule atop a membrane bound dimer of PlyA. The resolution of the EM map, together with biophysical and computational experiments, allowed confident assignment of subdomains in a MACPF pore assembly. The major conformational changes in PlyB are a ∼70° opening of the bent and distorted central β-sheet of the MACPF domain, accompanied by extrusion and refolding of two α-helical regions into transmembrane β-hairpins (TMH1 and TMH2). We determined the structures of three different disulphide bond-trapped prepore intermediates. Analysis of these data by molecular modelling and flexible fitting allows us to generate a potential trajectory of β-sheet unbending. The results suggest that MACPF conformational change is triggered through disruption of the interface between a conserved helix-turn-helix motif and the top of TMH2. Following their release we propose that the transmembrane regions assemble into β-hairpins via top down zippering of backbone hydrogen bonds to form the membrane-inserted β-barrel. The intermediate structures of the MACPF domain during refolding into the β-barrel pore establish a structural paradigm for the transition from soluble monomer to pore, which may be conserved across the whole superfamily. The TMH2 region is critical for the release of both TMH clusters, suggesting why this region is targeted by endogenous inhibitors of MACPF function. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4318580 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43185802015-02-13 Conformational Changes during Pore Formation by the Perforin-Related Protein Pleurotolysin Lukoyanova, Natalya Kondos, Stephanie C. Farabella, Irene Law, Ruby H. P. Reboul, Cyril F. Caradoc-Davies, Tom T. Spicer, Bradley A. Kleifeld, Oded Traore, Daouda A. K. Ekkel, Susan M. Voskoboinik, Ilia Trapani, Joseph A. Hatfaludi, Tamas Oliver, Katherine Hotze, Eileen M. Tweten, Rodney K. Whisstock, James C. Topf, Maya Saibil, Helen R. Dunstone, Michelle A. PLoS Biol Research Article Membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) proteins comprise the largest superfamily of pore-forming proteins, playing crucial roles in immunity and pathogenesis. Soluble monomers assemble into large transmembrane pores via conformational transitions that remain to be structurally and mechanistically characterised. Here we present an 11 Å resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the two-part, fungal toxin Pleurotolysin (Ply), together with crystal structures of both components (the lipid binding PlyA protein and the pore-forming MACPF component PlyB). These data reveal a 13-fold pore 80 Å in diameter and 100 Å in height, with each subunit comprised of a PlyB molecule atop a membrane bound dimer of PlyA. The resolution of the EM map, together with biophysical and computational experiments, allowed confident assignment of subdomains in a MACPF pore assembly. The major conformational changes in PlyB are a ∼70° opening of the bent and distorted central β-sheet of the MACPF domain, accompanied by extrusion and refolding of two α-helical regions into transmembrane β-hairpins (TMH1 and TMH2). We determined the structures of three different disulphide bond-trapped prepore intermediates. Analysis of these data by molecular modelling and flexible fitting allows us to generate a potential trajectory of β-sheet unbending. The results suggest that MACPF conformational change is triggered through disruption of the interface between a conserved helix-turn-helix motif and the top of TMH2. Following their release we propose that the transmembrane regions assemble into β-hairpins via top down zippering of backbone hydrogen bonds to form the membrane-inserted β-barrel. The intermediate structures of the MACPF domain during refolding into the β-barrel pore establish a structural paradigm for the transition from soluble monomer to pore, which may be conserved across the whole superfamily. The TMH2 region is critical for the release of both TMH clusters, suggesting why this region is targeted by endogenous inhibitors of MACPF function. Public Library of Science 2015-02-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4318580/ /pubmed/25654333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002049 Text en © 2015 Lukoyanova et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Lukoyanova, Natalya Kondos, Stephanie C. Farabella, Irene Law, Ruby H. P. Reboul, Cyril F. Caradoc-Davies, Tom T. Spicer, Bradley A. Kleifeld, Oded Traore, Daouda A. K. Ekkel, Susan M. Voskoboinik, Ilia Trapani, Joseph A. Hatfaludi, Tamas Oliver, Katherine Hotze, Eileen M. Tweten, Rodney K. Whisstock, James C. Topf, Maya Saibil, Helen R. Dunstone, Michelle A. Conformational Changes during Pore Formation by the Perforin-Related Protein Pleurotolysin |
title | Conformational Changes during Pore Formation by the Perforin-Related Protein Pleurotolysin |
title_full | Conformational Changes during Pore Formation by the Perforin-Related Protein Pleurotolysin |
title_fullStr | Conformational Changes during Pore Formation by the Perforin-Related Protein Pleurotolysin |
title_full_unstemmed | Conformational Changes during Pore Formation by the Perforin-Related Protein Pleurotolysin |
title_short | Conformational Changes during Pore Formation by the Perforin-Related Protein Pleurotolysin |
title_sort | conformational changes during pore formation by the perforin-related protein pleurotolysin |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4318580/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25654333 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002049 |
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