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Invasive Congeners Differ in Successional Impacts across Space and Time

Invasive species can alter the succession of ecological communities because they are often adapted to the disturbed conditions that initiate succession. The extent to which this occurs may depend on how widely they are distributed across environmental gradients and how long they persist over the cou...

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Autores principales: David, Aaron S., Zarnetske, Phoebe L., Hacker, Sally D., Ruggiero, Peter, Biel, Reuben G., Seabloom, Eric W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4319750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25658824
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117283
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author David, Aaron S.
Zarnetske, Phoebe L.
Hacker, Sally D.
Ruggiero, Peter
Biel, Reuben G.
Seabloom, Eric W.
author_facet David, Aaron S.
Zarnetske, Phoebe L.
Hacker, Sally D.
Ruggiero, Peter
Biel, Reuben G.
Seabloom, Eric W.
author_sort David, Aaron S.
collection PubMed
description Invasive species can alter the succession of ecological communities because they are often adapted to the disturbed conditions that initiate succession. The extent to which this occurs may depend on how widely they are distributed across environmental gradients and how long they persist over the course of succession. We focus on plant communities of the USA Pacific Northwest coastal dunes, where disturbance is characterized by changes in sediment supply, and the plant community is dominated by two introduced grasses – the long-established Ammophila arenaria and the currently invading A. breviligulata. Previous studies showed that A. breviligulata has replaced A. arenaria and reduced community diversity. We hypothesize that this is largely due to A. breviligulata occupying a wider distribution across spatial environmental gradients and persisting in later-successional habitat than A. arenaria. We used multi-decadal chronosequences and a resurvey study spanning 2 decades to characterize distributions of both species across space and time, and investigated how these distributions were associated with changes in the plant community. The invading A. breviligulata persisted longer and occupied a wider spatial distribution across the dune, and this corresponded with a reduction in plant species richness and native cover. Furthermore, backdunes previously dominated by A. arenaria switched to being dominated by A. breviligulata, forest, or developed land over a 23-yr period. Ammophila breviligulata likely invades by displacing A. arenaria, and reduces plant diversity by maintaining its dominance into later successional backdunes. Our results suggest distinct roles in succession, with A. arenaria playing a more classically facilitative role and A. breviligulata a more inhibitory role. Differential abilities of closely-related invasive species to persist through time and occupy heterogeneous environments allows for distinct impacts on communities during succession.
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spelling pubmed-43197502015-02-18 Invasive Congeners Differ in Successional Impacts across Space and Time David, Aaron S. Zarnetske, Phoebe L. Hacker, Sally D. Ruggiero, Peter Biel, Reuben G. Seabloom, Eric W. PLoS One Research Article Invasive species can alter the succession of ecological communities because they are often adapted to the disturbed conditions that initiate succession. The extent to which this occurs may depend on how widely they are distributed across environmental gradients and how long they persist over the course of succession. We focus on plant communities of the USA Pacific Northwest coastal dunes, where disturbance is characterized by changes in sediment supply, and the plant community is dominated by two introduced grasses – the long-established Ammophila arenaria and the currently invading A. breviligulata. Previous studies showed that A. breviligulata has replaced A. arenaria and reduced community diversity. We hypothesize that this is largely due to A. breviligulata occupying a wider distribution across spatial environmental gradients and persisting in later-successional habitat than A. arenaria. We used multi-decadal chronosequences and a resurvey study spanning 2 decades to characterize distributions of both species across space and time, and investigated how these distributions were associated with changes in the plant community. The invading A. breviligulata persisted longer and occupied a wider spatial distribution across the dune, and this corresponded with a reduction in plant species richness and native cover. Furthermore, backdunes previously dominated by A. arenaria switched to being dominated by A. breviligulata, forest, or developed land over a 23-yr period. Ammophila breviligulata likely invades by displacing A. arenaria, and reduces plant diversity by maintaining its dominance into later successional backdunes. Our results suggest distinct roles in succession, with A. arenaria playing a more classically facilitative role and A. breviligulata a more inhibitory role. Differential abilities of closely-related invasive species to persist through time and occupy heterogeneous environments allows for distinct impacts on communities during succession. Public Library of Science 2015-02-06 /pmc/articles/PMC4319750/ /pubmed/25658824 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117283 Text en © 2015 David et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
David, Aaron S.
Zarnetske, Phoebe L.
Hacker, Sally D.
Ruggiero, Peter
Biel, Reuben G.
Seabloom, Eric W.
Invasive Congeners Differ in Successional Impacts across Space and Time
title Invasive Congeners Differ in Successional Impacts across Space and Time
title_full Invasive Congeners Differ in Successional Impacts across Space and Time
title_fullStr Invasive Congeners Differ in Successional Impacts across Space and Time
title_full_unstemmed Invasive Congeners Differ in Successional Impacts across Space and Time
title_short Invasive Congeners Differ in Successional Impacts across Space and Time
title_sort invasive congeners differ in successional impacts across space and time
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4319750/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25658824
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117283
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