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Increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task and functional spectroscopy
It has been shown in recent studies that it is possible to detect changes in the main excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, upon functional activation with visual and motor paradigms using a 7 T MRI and functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A cognitive task would be desirable for this techni...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4323558/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000000309 |
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author | Taylor, Reggie Schaefer, Betsy Densmore, Maria Neufeld, Richard W.J. Rajakumar, Nagalingam Williamson, Peter C. Théberge, Jean |
author_facet | Taylor, Reggie Schaefer, Betsy Densmore, Maria Neufeld, Richard W.J. Rajakumar, Nagalingam Williamson, Peter C. Théberge, Jean |
author_sort | Taylor, Reggie |
collection | PubMed |
description | It has been shown in recent studies that it is possible to detect changes in the main excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, upon functional activation with visual and motor paradigms using a 7 T MRI and functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A cognitive task would be desirable for this technique because it could then be used to examine psychiatric disorders that have cognitive deficiencies. The aim of the work presented here was to use functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a 7 T MRI to show that increases in glutamate can be observed within the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task as the activation paradigm in healthy controls. Significant glutamate increases (0.24±0.09 µmol/g, P<0.025), comparable with what has been reported in the studies of the occipital cortex and motor cortex, were observed when the participants (n=7) performed the task, followed by a trend toward returning to baseline in the post-task recovery period (−0.23±0.13 µmol/g). This method would be ideal for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders that have been shown to have abnormal resting glutamate levels and cognitive deficiencies in the anterior cingulate cortex, such as schizophrenia. This exploratory study is the first to demonstrate functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the anterior cingulate with a cognitive task using a 7 T MRI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4323558 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43235582015-02-17 Increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task and functional spectroscopy Taylor, Reggie Schaefer, Betsy Densmore, Maria Neufeld, Richard W.J. Rajakumar, Nagalingam Williamson, Peter C. Théberge, Jean Neuroreport Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience It has been shown in recent studies that it is possible to detect changes in the main excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate, upon functional activation with visual and motor paradigms using a 7 T MRI and functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A cognitive task would be desirable for this technique because it could then be used to examine psychiatric disorders that have cognitive deficiencies. The aim of the work presented here was to use functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy with a 7 T MRI to show that increases in glutamate can be observed within the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task as the activation paradigm in healthy controls. Significant glutamate increases (0.24±0.09 µmol/g, P<0.025), comparable with what has been reported in the studies of the occipital cortex and motor cortex, were observed when the participants (n=7) performed the task, followed by a trend toward returning to baseline in the post-task recovery period (−0.23±0.13 µmol/g). This method would be ideal for the study of neuropsychiatric disorders that have been shown to have abnormal resting glutamate levels and cognitive deficiencies in the anterior cingulate cortex, such as schizophrenia. This exploratory study is the first to demonstrate functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the anterior cingulate with a cognitive task using a 7 T MRI. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2015-02-11 2015-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4323558/ /pubmed/25536234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000000309 Text en Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License, where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0. |
spellingShingle | Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience Taylor, Reggie Schaefer, Betsy Densmore, Maria Neufeld, Richard W.J. Rajakumar, Nagalingam Williamson, Peter C. Théberge, Jean Increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task and functional spectroscopy |
title | Increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task and functional spectroscopy |
title_full | Increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task and functional spectroscopy |
title_fullStr | Increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task and functional spectroscopy |
title_full_unstemmed | Increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task and functional spectroscopy |
title_short | Increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the Stroop Task and functional spectroscopy |
title_sort | increased glutamate levels observed upon functional activation in the anterior cingulate cortex using the stroop task and functional spectroscopy |
topic | Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4323558/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25536234 http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0000000000000309 |
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