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Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying
In gastroenterological practice, breath tests (BTs) are diagnostic tools used for indirect, non-invasive assessment of several pathophysiological metabolic processes, by monitoring the appearance in breath of a metabolite of a specific substrate. Labelled substrates originally employed radioactive c...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4324868/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339354 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/gou068 |
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author | Bonfrate, Leonilde Grattagliano, Ignazio Palasciano, Giuseppe Portincasa, Piero |
author_facet | Bonfrate, Leonilde Grattagliano, Ignazio Palasciano, Giuseppe Portincasa, Piero |
author_sort | Bonfrate, Leonilde |
collection | PubMed |
description | In gastroenterological practice, breath tests (BTs) are diagnostic tools used for indirect, non-invasive assessment of several pathophysiological metabolic processes, by monitoring the appearance in breath of a metabolite of a specific substrate. Labelled substrates originally employed radioactive carbon 14 ((14)C) and, more recently, the stable carbon 13 isotope ((13)C) has been introduced to label specific substrates. The ingested (13)C-substrate is metabolized, and exhaled (13)CO(2) is measured by mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. Some (13)C-BTs evaluate specific (microsomal, cytosolic, and mitochondrial) hepatic metabolic pathways and can be employed in liver diseases (i.e. simple liver steatosis, non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, drug and alcohol effects). Another field of clinical application for (13)C-BTs is the assessment of gastric emptying kinetics in response to liquids ((13)C-acetate) or solids ((13)C-octanoic acid in egg yolk or in a pre-packed muffin or the (13)C-Spirulina platensis given with a meal or a biscuit). Studies have shown that (13)C-BTs, used for gastric emptying studies, yield results that are comparable to scintigraphy and can be useful in detecting either delayed- (gastroparesis) or accelerated gastric emptying or changes of gastric kinetics due to pharmacological effects. Thus, (13)C-BTs represent an indirect, cost-effective and easy method of evaluating dynamic liver function and gastric kinetics in health and disease, and several other potential applications are being studied. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4324868 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43248682015-03-02 Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying Bonfrate, Leonilde Grattagliano, Ignazio Palasciano, Giuseppe Portincasa, Piero Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) Reviews In gastroenterological practice, breath tests (BTs) are diagnostic tools used for indirect, non-invasive assessment of several pathophysiological metabolic processes, by monitoring the appearance in breath of a metabolite of a specific substrate. Labelled substrates originally employed radioactive carbon 14 ((14)C) and, more recently, the stable carbon 13 isotope ((13)C) has been introduced to label specific substrates. The ingested (13)C-substrate is metabolized, and exhaled (13)CO(2) is measured by mass spectrometry or infrared spectroscopy. Some (13)C-BTs evaluate specific (microsomal, cytosolic, and mitochondrial) hepatic metabolic pathways and can be employed in liver diseases (i.e. simple liver steatosis, non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, drug and alcohol effects). Another field of clinical application for (13)C-BTs is the assessment of gastric emptying kinetics in response to liquids ((13)C-acetate) or solids ((13)C-octanoic acid in egg yolk or in a pre-packed muffin or the (13)C-Spirulina platensis given with a meal or a biscuit). Studies have shown that (13)C-BTs, used for gastric emptying studies, yield results that are comparable to scintigraphy and can be useful in detecting either delayed- (gastroparesis) or accelerated gastric emptying or changes of gastric kinetics due to pharmacological effects. Thus, (13)C-BTs represent an indirect, cost-effective and easy method of evaluating dynamic liver function and gastric kinetics in health and disease, and several other potential applications are being studied. Oxford University Press 2015-02 2014-10-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4324868/ /pubmed/25339354 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/gou068 Text en © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press and the Digestive Science Publishing Co. Limited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Reviews Bonfrate, Leonilde Grattagliano, Ignazio Palasciano, Giuseppe Portincasa, Piero Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying |
title | Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying |
title_full | Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying |
title_fullStr | Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying |
title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying |
title_short | Dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying |
title_sort | dynamic carbon 13 breath tests for the study of liver function and gastric emptying |
topic | Reviews |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4324868/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25339354 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gastro/gou068 |
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