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Excitability Changes in Intracortical Neural Circuits Induced by Differentially Controlled Walking Patterns
Our previous single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study revealed that excitability in the motor cortex can be altered by conscious control of walking relative to less conscious normal walking. However, substantial elements and underlying mechanisms for inducing walking-related cortic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4331520/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688972 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117931 |
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author | Ito, Tomotaka Tsubahara, Akio Shinkoda, Koichi Yoshimura, Yosuke Kobara, Kenichi Osaka, Hiroshi |
author_facet | Ito, Tomotaka Tsubahara, Akio Shinkoda, Koichi Yoshimura, Yosuke Kobara, Kenichi Osaka, Hiroshi |
author_sort | Ito, Tomotaka |
collection | PubMed |
description | Our previous single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study revealed that excitability in the motor cortex can be altered by conscious control of walking relative to less conscious normal walking. However, substantial elements and underlying mechanisms for inducing walking-related cortical plasticity are still unknown. Hence, in this study we aimed to examine the characteristics of electromyographic (EMG) recordings obtained during different walking conditions, namely, symmetrical walking (SW), asymmetrical walking 1 (AW1), and asymmetrical walking 2 (AW2), with left to right stance duration ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of three types of walking control on subsequent changes in the intracortical neural circuits. Prior to each type of 7-min walking task, EMG analyses of the left tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles during walking were performed following approximately 3 min of preparative walking. Paired-pulse TMS was used to measure short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) in the left TA and SOL at baseline, immediately after the 7-min walking task, and 30 min post-task. EMG activity in the TA was significantly increased during AW1 and AW2 compared to during SW, whereas a significant difference in EMG activity of the SOL was observed only between AW1 and AW2. As for intracortical excitability, there was a significant alteration in SICI in the TA between SW and AW1, but not between SW and AW2. For the same amount of walking exercise, we found that the different methods used to control walking patterns induced different excitability changes in SICI. Our research shows that activation patterns associated with controlled leg muscles can alter post-exercise excitability in intracortical circuits. Therefore, how leg muscles are activated in a clinical setting could influence the outcome of walking in patients with stroke. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4331520 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43315202015-02-24 Excitability Changes in Intracortical Neural Circuits Induced by Differentially Controlled Walking Patterns Ito, Tomotaka Tsubahara, Akio Shinkoda, Koichi Yoshimura, Yosuke Kobara, Kenichi Osaka, Hiroshi PLoS One Research Article Our previous single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) study revealed that excitability in the motor cortex can be altered by conscious control of walking relative to less conscious normal walking. However, substantial elements and underlying mechanisms for inducing walking-related cortical plasticity are still unknown. Hence, in this study we aimed to examine the characteristics of electromyographic (EMG) recordings obtained during different walking conditions, namely, symmetrical walking (SW), asymmetrical walking 1 (AW1), and asymmetrical walking 2 (AW2), with left to right stance duration ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, respectively. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of three types of walking control on subsequent changes in the intracortical neural circuits. Prior to each type of 7-min walking task, EMG analyses of the left tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SOL) muscles during walking were performed following approximately 3 min of preparative walking. Paired-pulse TMS was used to measure short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) in the left TA and SOL at baseline, immediately after the 7-min walking task, and 30 min post-task. EMG activity in the TA was significantly increased during AW1 and AW2 compared to during SW, whereas a significant difference in EMG activity of the SOL was observed only between AW1 and AW2. As for intracortical excitability, there was a significant alteration in SICI in the TA between SW and AW1, but not between SW and AW2. For the same amount of walking exercise, we found that the different methods used to control walking patterns induced different excitability changes in SICI. Our research shows that activation patterns associated with controlled leg muscles can alter post-exercise excitability in intracortical circuits. Therefore, how leg muscles are activated in a clinical setting could influence the outcome of walking in patients with stroke. Public Library of Science 2015-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4331520/ /pubmed/25688972 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117931 Text en © 2015 Ito et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ito, Tomotaka Tsubahara, Akio Shinkoda, Koichi Yoshimura, Yosuke Kobara, Kenichi Osaka, Hiroshi Excitability Changes in Intracortical Neural Circuits Induced by Differentially Controlled Walking Patterns |
title | Excitability Changes in Intracortical Neural Circuits Induced by Differentially Controlled Walking Patterns |
title_full | Excitability Changes in Intracortical Neural Circuits Induced by Differentially Controlled Walking Patterns |
title_fullStr | Excitability Changes in Intracortical Neural Circuits Induced by Differentially Controlled Walking Patterns |
title_full_unstemmed | Excitability Changes in Intracortical Neural Circuits Induced by Differentially Controlled Walking Patterns |
title_short | Excitability Changes in Intracortical Neural Circuits Induced by Differentially Controlled Walking Patterns |
title_sort | excitability changes in intracortical neural circuits induced by differentially controlled walking patterns |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4331520/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25688972 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117931 |
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