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Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for
In developing hygiene strategies, in recent years, the major focus has been on the hands as the key route of infection transmission. However, there is a multitude of lesser-known and underestimated reservoirs for microorganisms which are the triggering sources and vehicles for outbreaks or sporadic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4332272/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25699227 http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000247 |
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author | Bloomfield, Sally Exner, Martin Flemming, Hans-Curt Goroncy-Bermes, Peter Hartemann, Philippe Heeg, Peter Ilschner, Carola Krämer, Irene Merkens, Wolfgang Oltmanns, Peter Rotter, Manfred Rutala, William A. Sonntag, Hans-Günther Trautmann, Matthias |
author_facet | Bloomfield, Sally Exner, Martin Flemming, Hans-Curt Goroncy-Bermes, Peter Hartemann, Philippe Heeg, Peter Ilschner, Carola Krämer, Irene Merkens, Wolfgang Oltmanns, Peter Rotter, Manfred Rutala, William A. Sonntag, Hans-Günther Trautmann, Matthias |
author_sort | Bloomfield, Sally |
collection | PubMed |
description | In developing hygiene strategies, in recent years, the major focus has been on the hands as the key route of infection transmission. However, there is a multitude of lesser-known and underestimated reservoirs for microorganisms which are the triggering sources and vehicles for outbreaks or sporadic cases of infection. Among those are water reservoirs such as sink drains, fixtures, decorative water fountains and waste-water treatment plants, frequently touched textile surfaces such as private curtains in hospitals and laundry, but also transvaginal ultrasound probes, parenteral drug products, and disinfectant wipe dispensers. The review of outbreak reports also reveals Gram-negative and multiple-drug resistant microorganisms to have become an increasingly frequent and severe threat in medical settings. In some instances, the causative organisms are particularly difficult to identify because they are concealed in biofilms or in a state referred to as viable but nonculturable, which eludes conventional culture media-based detection methods. There is an enormous preventative potential in these insights, which has not been fully tapped. New and emerging pathogens, novel pathogen detection methods, and hidden reservoirs of infection should hence be given special consideration when designing the layout of buildings and medical devices, but also when defining the core competencies for medical staff, establishing programmes for patient empowerment and education of the general public, and when implementing protocols for the prevention and control of infections in medical, community and domestic settings. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4332272 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | German Medical Science GMS Publishing House |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43322722015-02-19 Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for Bloomfield, Sally Exner, Martin Flemming, Hans-Curt Goroncy-Bermes, Peter Hartemann, Philippe Heeg, Peter Ilschner, Carola Krämer, Irene Merkens, Wolfgang Oltmanns, Peter Rotter, Manfred Rutala, William A. Sonntag, Hans-Günther Trautmann, Matthias GMS Hyg Infect Control Article In developing hygiene strategies, in recent years, the major focus has been on the hands as the key route of infection transmission. However, there is a multitude of lesser-known and underestimated reservoirs for microorganisms which are the triggering sources and vehicles for outbreaks or sporadic cases of infection. Among those are water reservoirs such as sink drains, fixtures, decorative water fountains and waste-water treatment plants, frequently touched textile surfaces such as private curtains in hospitals and laundry, but also transvaginal ultrasound probes, parenteral drug products, and disinfectant wipe dispensers. The review of outbreak reports also reveals Gram-negative and multiple-drug resistant microorganisms to have become an increasingly frequent and severe threat in medical settings. In some instances, the causative organisms are particularly difficult to identify because they are concealed in biofilms or in a state referred to as viable but nonculturable, which eludes conventional culture media-based detection methods. There is an enormous preventative potential in these insights, which has not been fully tapped. New and emerging pathogens, novel pathogen detection methods, and hidden reservoirs of infection should hence be given special consideration when designing the layout of buildings and medical devices, but also when defining the core competencies for medical staff, establishing programmes for patient empowerment and education of the general public, and when implementing protocols for the prevention and control of infections in medical, community and domestic settings. German Medical Science GMS Publishing House 2015-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4332272/ /pubmed/25699227 http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000247 Text en Copyright © 2015 Bloomfield et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. |
spellingShingle | Article Bloomfield, Sally Exner, Martin Flemming, Hans-Curt Goroncy-Bermes, Peter Hartemann, Philippe Heeg, Peter Ilschner, Carola Krämer, Irene Merkens, Wolfgang Oltmanns, Peter Rotter, Manfred Rutala, William A. Sonntag, Hans-Günther Trautmann, Matthias Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for |
title | Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for |
title_full | Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for |
title_fullStr | Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for |
title_full_unstemmed | Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for |
title_short | Lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: Where to look and what to look for |
title_sort | lesser-known or hidden reservoirs of infection and implications for adequate prevention strategies: where to look and what to look for |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4332272/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25699227 http://dx.doi.org/10.3205/dgkh000247 |
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