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Urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race

BACKGROUND: Depression before and during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight and preterm birth. Abnormal maternal cortisol has been hypothesized as one mediator between depression and adverse birth outcomes. The relationship between cortisol and depression...

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Autores principales: Luiza, John W, Gallaher, Marcia J, Powers, Robert W
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25885329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0466-7
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author Luiza, John W
Gallaher, Marcia J
Powers, Robert W
author_facet Luiza, John W
Gallaher, Marcia J
Powers, Robert W
author_sort Luiza, John W
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Depression before and during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight and preterm birth. Abnormal maternal cortisol has been hypothesized as one mediator between depression and adverse birth outcomes. The relationship between cortisol and depression in pregnancy is exhibited most strongly in the African American population, and most studies have focused either on circulating or placental levels of cortisol. The utility of urinary cortisol in early pregnancy related to depression and adiposity has not been investigated. METHODS: Twenty-five pregnant African American women identified by the Edinburgh Depression Scale as having depression were investigated and matched by body mass index (BMI), age, race, and infant birth weight centile to non-depressed subjects. Maternal urine and plasma cortisol in early pregnancy were quantified and investigated in relation to depression and adiposity. RESULTS: Morning urine cortisol levels tracked positively with plasma cortisol (r(2) = 0.25, p < 0.001). However, no differences were observed in either urinary or plasma cortisol between depressed and non-depressed pregnant women. Plasma cortisol was significantly negatively associated with several measures of maternal adiposity including percent body fat (r(2) = −0.10, p < 0.05), however this relationship was present only in the non-depressed women. In a post-hoc analysis, non-depressed non-obese women were found to have significantly higher cortisol levels compared to women with depression, obesity or both (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Depressed pregnant women and non-depressed obese pregnant women evidence atypical cortisol levels compared to non-depressed non-obese pregnant women. Plasma cortisol in early pregnancy is negatively associated with measures of maternal adiposity. Atypical low circulating maternal cortisol among depressed (lean and obese) and non-depressed obese pregnant African American women may indicate hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction in early pregnancy.
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spelling pubmed-43353602015-02-21 Urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race Luiza, John W Gallaher, Marcia J Powers, Robert W BMC Pregnancy Childbirth Research Article BACKGROUND: Depression before and during pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes including low birth weight and preterm birth. Abnormal maternal cortisol has been hypothesized as one mediator between depression and adverse birth outcomes. The relationship between cortisol and depression in pregnancy is exhibited most strongly in the African American population, and most studies have focused either on circulating or placental levels of cortisol. The utility of urinary cortisol in early pregnancy related to depression and adiposity has not been investigated. METHODS: Twenty-five pregnant African American women identified by the Edinburgh Depression Scale as having depression were investigated and matched by body mass index (BMI), age, race, and infant birth weight centile to non-depressed subjects. Maternal urine and plasma cortisol in early pregnancy were quantified and investigated in relation to depression and adiposity. RESULTS: Morning urine cortisol levels tracked positively with plasma cortisol (r(2) = 0.25, p < 0.001). However, no differences were observed in either urinary or plasma cortisol between depressed and non-depressed pregnant women. Plasma cortisol was significantly negatively associated with several measures of maternal adiposity including percent body fat (r(2) = −0.10, p < 0.05), however this relationship was present only in the non-depressed women. In a post-hoc analysis, non-depressed non-obese women were found to have significantly higher cortisol levels compared to women with depression, obesity or both (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Depressed pregnant women and non-depressed obese pregnant women evidence atypical cortisol levels compared to non-depressed non-obese pregnant women. Plasma cortisol in early pregnancy is negatively associated with measures of maternal adiposity. Atypical low circulating maternal cortisol among depressed (lean and obese) and non-depressed obese pregnant African American women may indicate hypothalamic-pituitary axis dysfunction in early pregnancy. BioMed Central 2015-02-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4335360/ /pubmed/25885329 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0466-7 Text en © Luiza et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Luiza, John W
Gallaher, Marcia J
Powers, Robert W
Urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race
title Urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race
title_full Urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race
title_fullStr Urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race
title_full_unstemmed Urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race
title_short Urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race
title_sort urinary cortisol and depression in early pregnancy: role of adiposity and race
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335360/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25885329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0466-7
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