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Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique
BACKGROUND: The number of waterpipe tobacco smokers has been increasing worldwide. Smokers can be exposed to a number of toxicants, some of which are metals. The aim of this study is to quantitatively determine if the water filtration stage of the waterpipe smoking process successfully decreases exp...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335555/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25884883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1373-6 |
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author | Al-Kazwini, Akeel T Said, Adi J Sdepanian, Stephanie |
author_facet | Al-Kazwini, Akeel T Said, Adi J Sdepanian, Stephanie |
author_sort | Al-Kazwini, Akeel T |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The number of waterpipe tobacco smokers has been increasing worldwide. Smokers can be exposed to a number of toxicants, some of which are metals. The aim of this study is to quantitatively determine if the water filtration stage of the waterpipe smoking process successfully decreases exposure to Bi, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and U. METHODS: Four samples of commercially available tobacco (Moassel) were compared in terms of the total amount of metal contained within the fresh tobacco sample and the amount of metal distributed into each compartment of the waterpipe after a smoking session. RESULTS: For all metals analysed, the concentration of metal ‘filtered’ out during the water bubbling stage is around 3% (±1%) of the total metal. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that this small fraction would not protect the user against exposure to the majority of the potentially toxic metals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4335555 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43355552015-02-21 Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique Al-Kazwini, Akeel T Said, Adi J Sdepanian, Stephanie BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: The number of waterpipe tobacco smokers has been increasing worldwide. Smokers can be exposed to a number of toxicants, some of which are metals. The aim of this study is to quantitatively determine if the water filtration stage of the waterpipe smoking process successfully decreases exposure to Bi, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, and U. METHODS: Four samples of commercially available tobacco (Moassel) were compared in terms of the total amount of metal contained within the fresh tobacco sample and the amount of metal distributed into each compartment of the waterpipe after a smoking session. RESULTS: For all metals analysed, the concentration of metal ‘filtered’ out during the water bubbling stage is around 3% (±1%) of the total metal. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that this small fraction would not protect the user against exposure to the majority of the potentially toxic metals. BioMed Central 2015-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4335555/ /pubmed/25884883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1373-6 Text en © Al-Kazwini et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Al-Kazwini, Akeel T Said, Adi J Sdepanian, Stephanie Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique |
title | Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique |
title_full | Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique |
title_fullStr | Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique |
title_full_unstemmed | Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique |
title_short | Compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique |
title_sort | compartmental analysis of metals in waterpipe smoking technique |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335555/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25884883 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1373-6 |
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