Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcome of 485 Patients with Nonfunctioning Pituitary Macroadenomas

Background. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are the most common benign lesions of the pituitary gland. Objective. To describe our experience with the management of NFPA. Study Design and Methods. Retrospective evaluation of NFPA patients managed between 2008 and 2013. We analyzed data regarding clinical presentation, imaging diagnosis, hormonal status, surgical, radiotherapeutic, and pharmacological treatment, and outcome. Results. 485 patients (54% men, mean age 53 ± 14 years) were followed for a median of 6.5 years. Visual field abnormalities and headaches were the presenting complaints in 87% and 66%, respectively. The diagnosis of NFPA was made incidentally in 6.2%, and 8% presented with clinical evidence of apoplexy. All patients harbored macroadenomas, with a median volume of 10306 mm(3); 57.9% had supra- or parasellar invasion and 19.6% had tumors larger than 4 cm. Central hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, and hypocortisolism were present in 47.2%, 35.9%, and 27.4%, respectively. Surgical resection was performed at least once in 85.7%. Tumor persistence was documented in 27% and was related to the size and invasiveness of the lesion. In selected cases, radiotherapy proved to be effective in controlling or preventing tumor growth. Conclusions. The diagnosis and treatment of NFPA are complex and require a multidisciplinary approach.