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Arachidonic Acid and Cerebral Ischemia Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
BACKGROUND: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is a precursor of various lipid mediators. ARA metabolites such as thromboxane A(2) cause platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, thus may lead to atherosclerotic disease. It is unclear whether dietary ARA influences the ARA-derived lipid mediator balance and th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
S. Karger AG
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26225134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000367588 |
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author | Sakai, Mai Kakutani, Saki Tokuda, Hisanori Suzuki, Toshihide Kominami, Masaru Egawa, Kahori Saito, Kayo Rogi, Tomohiro Kawashima, Hiroshi Shibata, Hiroshi Sasaki, Satoshi |
author_facet | Sakai, Mai Kakutani, Saki Tokuda, Hisanori Suzuki, Toshihide Kominami, Masaru Egawa, Kahori Saito, Kayo Rogi, Tomohiro Kawashima, Hiroshi Shibata, Hiroshi Sasaki, Satoshi |
author_sort | Sakai, Mai |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is a precursor of various lipid mediators. ARA metabolites such as thromboxane A(2) cause platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, thus may lead to atherosclerotic disease. It is unclear whether dietary ARA influences the ARA-derived lipid mediator balance and the risk for atherosclerotic diseases, such as cerebral ischemia. Considering the function of ARA in atherosclerosis, it is reasonable to focus on the atherothrombotic type of cerebral ischemia risk. However, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted to evaluate the effect of habitual ARA exposure on cerebral ischemia risk. We aimed to systematically evaluate observational studies available on the relationship between ARA exposure and the atherothrombotic type of cerebral ischemia risk in free-living populations. SUMMARY: The PubMed database was searched for articles registered up to June 24, 2014. We designed a PubMed search formula as follows: key words for humans AND brain ischemia AND study designs AND ARA exposure. Thirty-three articles were reviewed against predefined criteria. There were 695 bibliographies assessed from the articles that included both ARA and cerebral ischemia descriptions. Finally, we identified 11 eligible articles and categorized them according to their reporting and methodological quality. We used the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement (STROBE) checklist to score the reporting quality. The methodological quality was qualitatively assessed based on the following aspects: subject selection, ARA exposure assessment, outcome diagnosis, methods for controlling confounders, and statistical analysis. We did not conduct a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity among the studies. All eligible studies measured blood ARA levels as an indicator of exposure. Our literature search did not identify any articles that evaluated dietary ARA intake and tissue ARA as assessments of exposure. Seven of the 11 eligible articles were considered to be of low quality. No articles reported a dose-dependent positive association between an increased cerebral ischemia risk and ARA exposure. However, most studies did not assess the risk in each subtype of cerebral ischemia, thus various etiological types of cerebral ischemia risk were involved in their results. KEY MESSAGES: We did not find a positive association between ARA exposure and cerebral ischemia risk. Eligible studies reported inconsistent findings: cerebral ischemia risk did not change or significantly decreased. We could not draw any conclusions due to the limited number of eligible high-quality studies. Further evidence from well-designed observational studies is required. Simultaneously, in order to develop effective preventive measures against cerebral ischemia, it is imperative to establish standardized definitions, nomenclatures, classifications, and diagnostic procedures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4338408 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | S. Karger AG |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43384082015-07-29 Arachidonic Acid and Cerebral Ischemia Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies Sakai, Mai Kakutani, Saki Tokuda, Hisanori Suzuki, Toshihide Kominami, Masaru Egawa, Kahori Saito, Kayo Rogi, Tomohiro Kawashima, Hiroshi Shibata, Hiroshi Sasaki, Satoshi Cerebrovasc Dis Extra Review BACKGROUND: Arachidonic acid (ARA) is a precursor of various lipid mediators. ARA metabolites such as thromboxane A(2) cause platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, thus may lead to atherosclerotic disease. It is unclear whether dietary ARA influences the ARA-derived lipid mediator balance and the risk for atherosclerotic diseases, such as cerebral ischemia. Considering the function of ARA in atherosclerosis, it is reasonable to focus on the atherothrombotic type of cerebral ischemia risk. However, no systematic reviews or meta-analyses have been conducted to evaluate the effect of habitual ARA exposure on cerebral ischemia risk. We aimed to systematically evaluate observational studies available on the relationship between ARA exposure and the atherothrombotic type of cerebral ischemia risk in free-living populations. SUMMARY: The PubMed database was searched for articles registered up to June 24, 2014. We designed a PubMed search formula as follows: key words for humans AND brain ischemia AND study designs AND ARA exposure. Thirty-three articles were reviewed against predefined criteria. There were 695 bibliographies assessed from the articles that included both ARA and cerebral ischemia descriptions. Finally, we identified 11 eligible articles and categorized them according to their reporting and methodological quality. We used the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Statement (STROBE) checklist to score the reporting quality. The methodological quality was qualitatively assessed based on the following aspects: subject selection, ARA exposure assessment, outcome diagnosis, methods for controlling confounders, and statistical analysis. We did not conduct a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity among the studies. All eligible studies measured blood ARA levels as an indicator of exposure. Our literature search did not identify any articles that evaluated dietary ARA intake and tissue ARA as assessments of exposure. Seven of the 11 eligible articles were considered to be of low quality. No articles reported a dose-dependent positive association between an increased cerebral ischemia risk and ARA exposure. However, most studies did not assess the risk in each subtype of cerebral ischemia, thus various etiological types of cerebral ischemia risk were involved in their results. KEY MESSAGES: We did not find a positive association between ARA exposure and cerebral ischemia risk. Eligible studies reported inconsistent findings: cerebral ischemia risk did not change or significantly decreased. We could not draw any conclusions due to the limited number of eligible high-quality studies. Further evidence from well-designed observational studies is required. Simultaneously, in order to develop effective preventive measures against cerebral ischemia, it is imperative to establish standardized definitions, nomenclatures, classifications, and diagnostic procedures. S. Karger AG 2014-11-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4338408/ /pubmed/26225134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000367588 Text en Copyright © 2014 by S. Karger AG, Basel http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC) (www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Users may download, print and share this work on the Internet for noncommercial purposes only, provided the original work is properly cited, and a link to the original work on http://www.karger.com and the terms of this license are included in any shared versions. |
spellingShingle | Review Sakai, Mai Kakutani, Saki Tokuda, Hisanori Suzuki, Toshihide Kominami, Masaru Egawa, Kahori Saito, Kayo Rogi, Tomohiro Kawashima, Hiroshi Shibata, Hiroshi Sasaki, Satoshi Arachidonic Acid and Cerebral Ischemia Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies |
title | Arachidonic Acid and Cerebral Ischemia Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies |
title_full | Arachidonic Acid and Cerebral Ischemia Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies |
title_fullStr | Arachidonic Acid and Cerebral Ischemia Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Arachidonic Acid and Cerebral Ischemia Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies |
title_short | Arachidonic Acid and Cerebral Ischemia Risk: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies |
title_sort | arachidonic acid and cerebral ischemia risk: a systematic review of observational studies |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4338408/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26225134 http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000367588 |
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