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Melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury
Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin combined with exercise can alleviate secondary damage after spinal cord injury in rats. Therefore, it is hypothesized that melatonin combined with exercise can also alleviate ischemic brain damage. In this study, adult rats were subjected to right mi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4341280/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.13.005 |
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author | Lee, Seunghoon Shin, Jinhee Lee, Minkyung Hong, Yunkyung Lee, Sang-Kil Lee, Youngjeon Lkhagvasuren, Tserentogtokh Kim, Dong-Wook Yang, Young-Ae Chang, Kyu-Tae Hong, Yonggeun |
author_facet | Lee, Seunghoon Shin, Jinhee Lee, Minkyung Hong, Yunkyung Lee, Sang-Kil Lee, Youngjeon Lkhagvasuren, Tserentogtokh Kim, Dong-Wook Yang, Young-Ae Chang, Kyu-Tae Hong, Yonggeun |
author_sort | Lee, Seunghoon |
collection | PubMed |
description | Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin combined with exercise can alleviate secondary damage after spinal cord injury in rats. Therefore, it is hypothesized that melatonin combined with exercise can also alleviate ischemic brain damage. In this study, adult rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion after receiving 10 mg/kg melatonin or vehicle subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days. Forced exercise using an animal treadmill was performed at 20 m/min for 30 minutes per day for 6 days prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion. After middle cerebral artery occlusion, each rat received melatonin combined with exercise, melatonin or exercise alone equally for 7 days until sacrifice. Interestingly, rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise exhibited more severe neurological deficits than those receiving melatonin or exercise alone. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA in the brain tissue was upregulated in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise. Similarly, microtubule associated protein-2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in rats receiving melatonin alone. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (NG2) mRNA expression was significantly decreased in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise as well as in rats receiving exercise alone. Furthermore, neural cell loss in the primary motor cortex was significantly reduced in rats receiving melatonin or exercise alone, but the change was not observed in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise. These findings suggest that excessive intervention with melatonin, exercise or their combination may lead to negative effects on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain damage. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4341280 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43412802015-02-26 Melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury Lee, Seunghoon Shin, Jinhee Lee, Minkyung Hong, Yunkyung Lee, Sang-Kil Lee, Youngjeon Lkhagvasuren, Tserentogtokh Kim, Dong-Wook Yang, Young-Ae Chang, Kyu-Tae Hong, Yonggeun Neural Regen Res Research and Report: Brain Injury and Neural Regeneration Previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin combined with exercise can alleviate secondary damage after spinal cord injury in rats. Therefore, it is hypothesized that melatonin combined with exercise can also alleviate ischemic brain damage. In this study, adult rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion after receiving 10 mg/kg melatonin or vehicle subcutaneously twice daily for 14 days. Forced exercise using an animal treadmill was performed at 20 m/min for 30 minutes per day for 6 days prior to middle cerebral artery occlusion. After middle cerebral artery occlusion, each rat received melatonin combined with exercise, melatonin or exercise alone equally for 7 days until sacrifice. Interestingly, rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise exhibited more severe neurological deficits than those receiving melatonin or exercise alone. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA in the brain tissue was upregulated in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise. Similarly, microtubule associated protein-2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in rats receiving melatonin alone. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (NG2) mRNA expression was significantly decreased in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise as well as in rats receiving exercise alone. Furthermore, neural cell loss in the primary motor cortex was significantly reduced in rats receiving melatonin or exercise alone, but the change was not observed in rats receiving melatonin combined with exercise. These findings suggest that excessive intervention with melatonin, exercise or their combination may lead to negative effects on ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain damage. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2012-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4341280/ /pubmed/25722687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.13.005 Text en Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research and Report: Brain Injury and Neural Regeneration Lee, Seunghoon Shin, Jinhee Lee, Minkyung Hong, Yunkyung Lee, Sang-Kil Lee, Youngjeon Lkhagvasuren, Tserentogtokh Kim, Dong-Wook Yang, Young-Ae Chang, Kyu-Tae Hong, Yonggeun Melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury |
title | Melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury |
title_full | Melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury |
title_fullStr | Melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury |
title_short | Melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury |
title_sort | melatonin combined with exercise cannot alleviate cerebral injury in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury |
topic | Research and Report: Brain Injury and Neural Regeneration |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4341280/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25722687 http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.13.005 |
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