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Control of Rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of CO(2) supply

Rubisco is the most abundant protein on Earth that serves as the primary engine of carbon assimilation. It is characterized by a slow rate and low specificity for CO(2) leading to photorespiration. We analyze here the challenges of operation of this enzyme as the main carbon fixation engine. The hig...

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Autor principal: Igamberdiev, Abir U.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4341507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25767475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00106
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author Igamberdiev, Abir U.
author_facet Igamberdiev, Abir U.
author_sort Igamberdiev, Abir U.
collection PubMed
description Rubisco is the most abundant protein on Earth that serves as the primary engine of carbon assimilation. It is characterized by a slow rate and low specificity for CO(2) leading to photorespiration. We analyze here the challenges of operation of this enzyme as the main carbon fixation engine. The high concentration of Rubisco exceeds that of its substrate CO(2) by 2–3 orders of magnitude; however, the total pool of available carbon in chloroplast, i.e., mainly bicarbonate, is comparable to the concentration of Rubisco active sites. This makes the reactant stationary assumption (RSA), which is essential as a condition of satisfying the Michaelis–Menten (MM) kinetics, valid if we assume that the delivery of CO(2) from this pool is not limiting. The RSA is supported by active carbonic anhydrases (CA) that quickly equilibrate bicarbonate and CO(2) pools and supply CO(2) to Rubisco. While the operation of stromal CA is independent of light reactions, the thylakoidal CA associated with PSII and pumping CO(2) from the thylakoid lumen is coordinated with the rate of electron transport, water splitting and proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. At high CO(2) concentrations, CA becomes less efficient (the equilibrium becomes unfavorable), so a deviation from the MM kinetics is observed, consistent with Rubisco reaching its Vmax at approximately 50% lower level than expected from the classical MM curve. Previously, this deviation was controversially explained by the limitation of RuBP regeneration. At low ambient CO(2) and correspondingly limited capacity of the bicarbonate pool, its depletion at Rubisco sites is relieved in that the enzyme utilizes O(2) instead of CO(2), i.e., by photorespiration. In this process, CO(2) is supplied back to Rubisco, and the chloroplastic redox state and energy level are maintained. It is concluded that the optimal performance of photosynthesis is achieved via the provision of continuous CO(2) supply to Rubisco by carbonic anhydrases and photorespiration.
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spelling pubmed-43415072015-03-12 Control of Rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of CO(2) supply Igamberdiev, Abir U. Front Plant Sci Plant Science Rubisco is the most abundant protein on Earth that serves as the primary engine of carbon assimilation. It is characterized by a slow rate and low specificity for CO(2) leading to photorespiration. We analyze here the challenges of operation of this enzyme as the main carbon fixation engine. The high concentration of Rubisco exceeds that of its substrate CO(2) by 2–3 orders of magnitude; however, the total pool of available carbon in chloroplast, i.e., mainly bicarbonate, is comparable to the concentration of Rubisco active sites. This makes the reactant stationary assumption (RSA), which is essential as a condition of satisfying the Michaelis–Menten (MM) kinetics, valid if we assume that the delivery of CO(2) from this pool is not limiting. The RSA is supported by active carbonic anhydrases (CA) that quickly equilibrate bicarbonate and CO(2) pools and supply CO(2) to Rubisco. While the operation of stromal CA is independent of light reactions, the thylakoidal CA associated with PSII and pumping CO(2) from the thylakoid lumen is coordinated with the rate of electron transport, water splitting and proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. At high CO(2) concentrations, CA becomes less efficient (the equilibrium becomes unfavorable), so a deviation from the MM kinetics is observed, consistent with Rubisco reaching its Vmax at approximately 50% lower level than expected from the classical MM curve. Previously, this deviation was controversially explained by the limitation of RuBP regeneration. At low ambient CO(2) and correspondingly limited capacity of the bicarbonate pool, its depletion at Rubisco sites is relieved in that the enzyme utilizes O(2) instead of CO(2), i.e., by photorespiration. In this process, CO(2) is supplied back to Rubisco, and the chloroplastic redox state and energy level are maintained. It is concluded that the optimal performance of photosynthesis is achieved via the provision of continuous CO(2) supply to Rubisco by carbonic anhydrases and photorespiration. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-02-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4341507/ /pubmed/25767475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00106 Text en Copyright © 2015 Igamberdiev. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Igamberdiev, Abir U.
Control of Rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of CO(2) supply
title Control of Rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of CO(2) supply
title_full Control of Rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of CO(2) supply
title_fullStr Control of Rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of CO(2) supply
title_full_unstemmed Control of Rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of CO(2) supply
title_short Control of Rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of CO(2) supply
title_sort control of rubisco function via homeostatic equilibration of co(2) supply
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4341507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25767475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00106
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