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An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans
The novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus which caused the first human infection in Shanghai, China; was reported on the 31st of March 2013 before spreading rapidly to other Chinese provinces and municipal cities. This is the first time the low pathogenic avian influenza A virus has caused human infect...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350415/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25798131 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00140 |
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author | Tan, Kei-Xian Jacob, Sabrina A. Chan, Kok-Gan Lee, Learn-Han |
author_facet | Tan, Kei-Xian Jacob, Sabrina A. Chan, Kok-Gan Lee, Learn-Han |
author_sort | Tan, Kei-Xian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus which caused the first human infection in Shanghai, China; was reported on the 31st of March 2013 before spreading rapidly to other Chinese provinces and municipal cities. This is the first time the low pathogenic avian influenza A virus has caused human infections and deaths; with cases of severe respiratory disease with pneumonia being reported. There were 440 confirmed cases with 122 fatalities by 16 May 2014; with a fatality risk of ∼28%. The median age of patients was 61 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. The main source of infection was identified as exposure to poultry and there is so far no definitive evidence of sustained person-to-person transmission. The neuraminidase inhibitors, namely oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir; have shown good efficacy in the management of the novel H7N9 virus. Treatment is recommended for all hospitalized patients, and for confirmed and probable outpatient cases; and should ideally be initiated within 48 h of the onset of illness for the best outcome. Phylogenetic analysis found that the novel H7N9 virus is avian in origin and evolved from multiple reassortments of at least four origins. Indeed the novel H7N9 virus acquired human adaptation via mutations in its eight RNA gene segments. Enhanced surveillance and effective global control are essential to prevent pandemic outbreaks of the novel H7N9 virus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4350415 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43504152015-03-20 An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans Tan, Kei-Xian Jacob, Sabrina A. Chan, Kok-Gan Lee, Learn-Han Front Microbiol Microbiology The novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus which caused the first human infection in Shanghai, China; was reported on the 31st of March 2013 before spreading rapidly to other Chinese provinces and municipal cities. This is the first time the low pathogenic avian influenza A virus has caused human infections and deaths; with cases of severe respiratory disease with pneumonia being reported. There were 440 confirmed cases with 122 fatalities by 16 May 2014; with a fatality risk of ∼28%. The median age of patients was 61 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.4:1. The main source of infection was identified as exposure to poultry and there is so far no definitive evidence of sustained person-to-person transmission. The neuraminidase inhibitors, namely oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir; have shown good efficacy in the management of the novel H7N9 virus. Treatment is recommended for all hospitalized patients, and for confirmed and probable outpatient cases; and should ideally be initiated within 48 h of the onset of illness for the best outcome. Phylogenetic analysis found that the novel H7N9 virus is avian in origin and evolved from multiple reassortments of at least four origins. Indeed the novel H7N9 virus acquired human adaptation via mutations in its eight RNA gene segments. Enhanced surveillance and effective global control are essential to prevent pandemic outbreaks of the novel H7N9 virus. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-03-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4350415/ /pubmed/25798131 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00140 Text en Copyright © 2015 Tan, Jacob, Chan and Lee. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Tan, Kei-Xian Jacob, Sabrina A. Chan, Kok-Gan Lee, Learn-Han An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans |
title | An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans |
title_full | An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans |
title_fullStr | An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans |
title_full_unstemmed | An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans |
title_short | An overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza A H7N9 virus in humans |
title_sort | overview of the characteristics of the novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus in humans |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4350415/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25798131 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00140 |
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