Increased Plasma Levels of Heat Shock Protein 70 Associated with Subsequent Clinical Conversion to Mild Cognitive Impairment in Cognitively Healthy Elderly

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) have been regarded as cytoprotectants that protect brain cells during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and from damage resulting from cerebral ischemia. In this study, we assessed the association between plasma HSP 70/27 levels and cognitive decline. METHODS: Among participants in the community-based cohort study of dementia called the Gwangju Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment Study, subjects without cognitive impairment at baseline, who then either remained without impairment (non-conversion group), or suffered mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (conversion group) (non-conversion group, N = 36; conversion group, N = 30) were analyzed. RESULTS: After a five to six year follow-up period, comparison of the plasma HSP 70 and HSP 27 levels of the two groups revealed that only the plasma HSP 70 level was associated with a conversion to MCI after adjustments for age, gender, years of education, follow-up duration, APOE e4, hypertension, and diabetes (repeated measure analysis of variance: F = 7.59, p = 0.008). Furthermore, an increase in plasma HSP 70 level was associated with cognitive decline in language and executive function (linear mixed model: Korean Boston Naming Test, -0.426 [-0.781, -0.071], p = 0.019; Controlled Oral Word Association Test, -0.176 [-0.328, -0.023], p = 0.024; Stroop Test, -0.304 [-0.458, -0.150], p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the plasma HSP 70 level may be related to cognitive decline in the elderly.