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A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in Malaysia

BACKGROUND: Stigma of mental illness has been identified as a significant barrier to help-seeking and care. Basic knowledge of mental illness - such as its nature, symptoms and impact - are neglected, leaving room for misunderstandings on mental health and ‘stigma’. Numerous researches have been con...

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Autores principales: Hanafiah, Ainul Nadhirah, Van Bortel, Tine
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359579/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25774215
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13033-015-0002-1
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author Hanafiah, Ainul Nadhirah
Van Bortel, Tine
author_facet Hanafiah, Ainul Nadhirah
Van Bortel, Tine
author_sort Hanafiah, Ainul Nadhirah
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Stigma of mental illness has been identified as a significant barrier to help-seeking and care. Basic knowledge of mental illness - such as its nature, symptoms and impact - are neglected, leaving room for misunderstandings on mental health and ‘stigma’. Numerous researches have been conducted on stigma and discrimination of people with mental disorders. However, most of the literature investigates stigma from a cultural conception point of view, experiences of patients or public attitudes towards mental illness but little to none from the standpoint of mental health professionals. In Malaysia, this research on stigma is particularly limited. Therefore, the state of stigma and discrimination of people with mental illness was investigated from the perspectives of mental health professionals in Malaysia. METHODS: In-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 mental health professionals from both government and private sectors including psychiatrists, psychologists and counsellors. The interviews were approximately 45-minutes long. The data was subsequently analysed using the basic thematic approach. RESULTS: Seven principal themes, each with their own sub-themes, emerged from the analysis of ‘stigma of mental illness’ from mental health professionals’ point of view, including: (1) main perpetrators, (2) types of mental illness carrying stigma, (3) demography and geography of stigma, (4) manifestations of stigma, (5) impacts of stigma, (6) causes of stigma and (7) proposed initiatives to tackle stigma. Stigma of mental illness is widespread in Malaysia. This is most evident amongst people suffering from conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Stigma manifests itself most often in forms of labelling, rejection, social exclusion and in employment. Family, friends and workplace staff are reported to be the main perpetrators of discriminatory conducts. CONCLUSION: According to the perspectives of the mental health professionals, implications of stigma include patients being trapped in a vicious cycle of discrimination leading to detrimental consequences for the individual, their families, communities and society as a whole. There is a pressing need to address stigma of mental illness and its consequences, especially through raising awareness of mental health and wellbeing in Malaysia, as reported by the mental health professionals.
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spelling pubmed-43595792015-03-15 A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in Malaysia Hanafiah, Ainul Nadhirah Van Bortel, Tine Int J Ment Health Syst Research BACKGROUND: Stigma of mental illness has been identified as a significant barrier to help-seeking and care. Basic knowledge of mental illness - such as its nature, symptoms and impact - are neglected, leaving room for misunderstandings on mental health and ‘stigma’. Numerous researches have been conducted on stigma and discrimination of people with mental disorders. However, most of the literature investigates stigma from a cultural conception point of view, experiences of patients or public attitudes towards mental illness but little to none from the standpoint of mental health professionals. In Malaysia, this research on stigma is particularly limited. Therefore, the state of stigma and discrimination of people with mental illness was investigated from the perspectives of mental health professionals in Malaysia. METHODS: In-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 mental health professionals from both government and private sectors including psychiatrists, psychologists and counsellors. The interviews were approximately 45-minutes long. The data was subsequently analysed using the basic thematic approach. RESULTS: Seven principal themes, each with their own sub-themes, emerged from the analysis of ‘stigma of mental illness’ from mental health professionals’ point of view, including: (1) main perpetrators, (2) types of mental illness carrying stigma, (3) demography and geography of stigma, (4) manifestations of stigma, (5) impacts of stigma, (6) causes of stigma and (7) proposed initiatives to tackle stigma. Stigma of mental illness is widespread in Malaysia. This is most evident amongst people suffering from conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression. Stigma manifests itself most often in forms of labelling, rejection, social exclusion and in employment. Family, friends and workplace staff are reported to be the main perpetrators of discriminatory conducts. CONCLUSION: According to the perspectives of the mental health professionals, implications of stigma include patients being trapped in a vicious cycle of discrimination leading to detrimental consequences for the individual, their families, communities and society as a whole. There is a pressing need to address stigma of mental illness and its consequences, especially through raising awareness of mental health and wellbeing in Malaysia, as reported by the mental health professionals. BioMed Central 2015-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4359579/ /pubmed/25774215 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13033-015-0002-1 Text en © Hanafiah and Van Bortel; licensee BioMed Central. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Hanafiah, Ainul Nadhirah
Van Bortel, Tine
A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in Malaysia
title A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in Malaysia
title_full A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in Malaysia
title_fullStr A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in Malaysia
title_short A qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in Malaysia
title_sort qualitative exploration of the perspectives of mental health professionals on stigma and discrimination of mental illness in malaysia
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359579/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25774215
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13033-015-0002-1
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