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Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women
BACKGROUND: Studies examining diet scores in relation to health outcomes are gaining ground. Thus, control for dietary factors not part of the score, and lifestyle associated with adherence, is required to allow for a causal interpretation of studies on diet scores and health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Th...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Co-Action Publishing
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359984/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.26336 |
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author | Roswall, Nina Eriksson, Ulf Sandin, Sven Löf, Marie Olsen, Anja Skeie, Guri Adami, Hans-Olov Weiderpass, Elisabete |
author_facet | Roswall, Nina Eriksson, Ulf Sandin, Sven Löf, Marie Olsen, Anja Skeie, Guri Adami, Hans-Olov Weiderpass, Elisabete |
author_sort | Roswall, Nina |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Studies examining diet scores in relation to health outcomes are gaining ground. Thus, control for dietary factors not part of the score, and lifestyle associated with adherence, is required to allow for a causal interpretation of studies on diet scores and health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to describe and investigate dietary composition, micronutrient density, lifestyle, socioeconomic factors, and adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations across groups defined by their level of adherence to a healthy Nordic food index (HNFI). The paper examines both dietary components included in the HNFI as well as dietary components, which are not part of the HNFI, to get a broad picture of the diet. DESIGN: The study is cross-sectional and conducted in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort. We included 45,277 women, aged 29–49 years at baseline (1991–1992). The HNFI was defined by six items: wholegrain bread, oatmeal, apples/pears, cabbages, root vegetables and fish/shellfish, using data from a food frequency questionnaire. Proportions, means and standard deviations were calculated in the entire cohort and by adherence groups. RESULTS: Women scoring high on the HNFI had a higher energy intake, compared to low adherers. They had a higher intake of fiber and a higher micronutrient density (components of the HNFI), but also a higher intake of items not included in the HNFI: red/processed meats, sweets, and potatoes. They were on average more physically active and less likely to smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the HNFI was associated with a generally healthier lifestyle and a high intake of health-beneficial components. However, it was also associated with a higher energy intake and a higher intake of foods without proven health benefits. Therefore, future studies on the HNFI and health outcomes should take into account potential confounding of dietary and lifestyle factors associated with the HNFI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4359984 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Co-Action Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43599842015-03-27 Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women Roswall, Nina Eriksson, Ulf Sandin, Sven Löf, Marie Olsen, Anja Skeie, Guri Adami, Hans-Olov Weiderpass, Elisabete Food Nutr Res Original Article BACKGROUND: Studies examining diet scores in relation to health outcomes are gaining ground. Thus, control for dietary factors not part of the score, and lifestyle associated with adherence, is required to allow for a causal interpretation of studies on diet scores and health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to describe and investigate dietary composition, micronutrient density, lifestyle, socioeconomic factors, and adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations across groups defined by their level of adherence to a healthy Nordic food index (HNFI). The paper examines both dietary components included in the HNFI as well as dietary components, which are not part of the HNFI, to get a broad picture of the diet. DESIGN: The study is cross-sectional and conducted in the Swedish Women's Lifestyle and Health cohort. We included 45,277 women, aged 29–49 years at baseline (1991–1992). The HNFI was defined by six items: wholegrain bread, oatmeal, apples/pears, cabbages, root vegetables and fish/shellfish, using data from a food frequency questionnaire. Proportions, means and standard deviations were calculated in the entire cohort and by adherence groups. RESULTS: Women scoring high on the HNFI had a higher energy intake, compared to low adherers. They had a higher intake of fiber and a higher micronutrient density (components of the HNFI), but also a higher intake of items not included in the HNFI: red/processed meats, sweets, and potatoes. They were on average more physically active and less likely to smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to the HNFI was associated with a generally healthier lifestyle and a high intake of health-beneficial components. However, it was also associated with a higher energy intake and a higher intake of foods without proven health benefits. Therefore, future studies on the HNFI and health outcomes should take into account potential confounding of dietary and lifestyle factors associated with the HNFI. Co-Action Publishing 2015-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4359984/ /pubmed/25773303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.26336 Text en © 2015 Nina Roswall et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Roswall, Nina Eriksson, Ulf Sandin, Sven Löf, Marie Olsen, Anja Skeie, Guri Adami, Hans-Olov Weiderpass, Elisabete Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title | Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_full | Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_fullStr | Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_full_unstemmed | Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_short | Adherence to the healthy Nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among Swedish women |
title_sort | adherence to the healthy nordic food index, dietary composition, and lifestyle among swedish women |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4359984/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25773303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.26336 |
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