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The Role of Carbohydrates in Infection Strategies of Enteric Pathogens

Enteric pathogens cause considerable public health concerns worldwide including tropical regions. Here, we review the roles of carbohydrates in the infection strategies of various enteric pathogens including viruses, bacteria and protozoa, which infect the epithelial lining of the human and animal i...

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Autores principales: Kato, Kentaro, Ishiwa, Akiko
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361345/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859152
http://dx.doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2014-25
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author Kato, Kentaro
Ishiwa, Akiko
author_facet Kato, Kentaro
Ishiwa, Akiko
author_sort Kato, Kentaro
collection PubMed
description Enteric pathogens cause considerable public health concerns worldwide including tropical regions. Here, we review the roles of carbohydrates in the infection strategies of various enteric pathogens including viruses, bacteria and protozoa, which infect the epithelial lining of the human and animal intestine. At host cell entry, enteric viruses, including norovirus, recognize mainly histo-blood group antigens. At the initial step of bacterial infections, carbohydrates also function as receptors for attachment. Here, we describe the function of carbohydrates in infection by Salmonella enterica and several bacterial species that produce a variety of fimbrial adhesions. During invasion by enteropathogenic protozoa, apicomplexan parasites utilize sialic acids or sulfated glycans. Carbohydrates serve as receptors for infection by these microbes; however, their usage of carbohydrates varies depending on the microbe. On the surface of the mucosal tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, various carbohydrate moieties are present and play a crucial role in infection, representing the site of infection or route of access for most microbes. During the infection and/or invasion process of the microbes, carbohydrates function as receptors for various microbes, but they can also function as a barrier to infection. One approach to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial agents is to modify the drug structure. Another approach is to modify the mode of inhibition of infection depending on the individual pathogen by using and mimicking the interactions with carbohydrates. In addition, similarities in mode of infection may also be utilized. Our findings will be useful in the development of new drugs for the treatment of enteric pathogens.
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spelling pubmed-43613452015-04-09 The Role of Carbohydrates in Infection Strategies of Enteric Pathogens Kato, Kentaro Ishiwa, Akiko Trop Med Health Reviews and Opinions Enteric pathogens cause considerable public health concerns worldwide including tropical regions. Here, we review the roles of carbohydrates in the infection strategies of various enteric pathogens including viruses, bacteria and protozoa, which infect the epithelial lining of the human and animal intestine. At host cell entry, enteric viruses, including norovirus, recognize mainly histo-blood group antigens. At the initial step of bacterial infections, carbohydrates also function as receptors for attachment. Here, we describe the function of carbohydrates in infection by Salmonella enterica and several bacterial species that produce a variety of fimbrial adhesions. During invasion by enteropathogenic protozoa, apicomplexan parasites utilize sialic acids or sulfated glycans. Carbohydrates serve as receptors for infection by these microbes; however, their usage of carbohydrates varies depending on the microbe. On the surface of the mucosal tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, various carbohydrate moieties are present and play a crucial role in infection, representing the site of infection or route of access for most microbes. During the infection and/or invasion process of the microbes, carbohydrates function as receptors for various microbes, but they can also function as a barrier to infection. One approach to develop effective prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial agents is to modify the drug structure. Another approach is to modify the mode of inhibition of infection depending on the individual pathogen by using and mimicking the interactions with carbohydrates. In addition, similarities in mode of infection may also be utilized. Our findings will be useful in the development of new drugs for the treatment of enteric pathogens. The Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine 2015-03 2014-11-15 /pmc/articles/PMC4361345/ /pubmed/25859152 http://dx.doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2014-25 Text en 2015 Japanese Society of Tropical Medicine This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Reviews and Opinions
Kato, Kentaro
Ishiwa, Akiko
The Role of Carbohydrates in Infection Strategies of Enteric Pathogens
title The Role of Carbohydrates in Infection Strategies of Enteric Pathogens
title_full The Role of Carbohydrates in Infection Strategies of Enteric Pathogens
title_fullStr The Role of Carbohydrates in Infection Strategies of Enteric Pathogens
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Carbohydrates in Infection Strategies of Enteric Pathogens
title_short The Role of Carbohydrates in Infection Strategies of Enteric Pathogens
title_sort role of carbohydrates in infection strategies of enteric pathogens
topic Reviews and Opinions
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361345/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859152
http://dx.doi.org/10.2149/tmh.2014-25
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