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Reading Text While Driving: Understanding Drivers’ Strategic and Tactical Adaptation to Distraction
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated how drivers adapt secondary-task initiation and time-sharing behavior when faced with fluctuating driving demands. BACKGROUND: Reading text while driving is particularly detrimental; however, in real-world driving, drivers actively decide when to perform the...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
SAGE Publications
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361471/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25850162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720814542974 |
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author | Liang, Yulan Horrey, William J. Hoffman, Joshua D. |
author_facet | Liang, Yulan Horrey, William J. Hoffman, Joshua D. |
author_sort | Liang, Yulan |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated how drivers adapt secondary-task initiation and time-sharing behavior when faced with fluctuating driving demands. BACKGROUND: Reading text while driving is particularly detrimental; however, in real-world driving, drivers actively decide when to perform the task. METHOD: In a test track experiment, participants were free to decide when to read messages while driving along a straight road consisting of an area with increased driving demands (demand zone) followed by an area with low demands. A message was made available shortly before the vehicle entered the demand zone. We manipulated the type of driving demands (baseline, narrow lane, pace clock, combined), message format (no message, paragraph, parsed), and the distance from the demand zone when the message was available (near, far). RESULTS: In all conditions, drivers started reading messages (drivers’ first glance to the display) before entering or before leaving the demand zone but tended to wait longer when faced with increased driving demands. While reading messages, drivers looked more or less off road, depending on types of driving demands. CONCLUSIONS: For task initiation, drivers avoid transitions from low to high demands; however, they are not discouraged when driving demands are already elevated. Drivers adjust time-sharing behavior according to driving demands while performing secondary tasks. Nonetheless, such adjustment may be less effective when total demands are high. APPLICATION: This study helps us to understand a driver’s role as an active controller in the context of distracted driving and provides insights for developing distraction interventions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4361471 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | SAGE Publications |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43614712015-04-10 Reading Text While Driving: Understanding Drivers’ Strategic and Tactical Adaptation to Distraction Liang, Yulan Horrey, William J. Hoffman, Joshua D. Hum Factors Surface Transportation OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated how drivers adapt secondary-task initiation and time-sharing behavior when faced with fluctuating driving demands. BACKGROUND: Reading text while driving is particularly detrimental; however, in real-world driving, drivers actively decide when to perform the task. METHOD: In a test track experiment, participants were free to decide when to read messages while driving along a straight road consisting of an area with increased driving demands (demand zone) followed by an area with low demands. A message was made available shortly before the vehicle entered the demand zone. We manipulated the type of driving demands (baseline, narrow lane, pace clock, combined), message format (no message, paragraph, parsed), and the distance from the demand zone when the message was available (near, far). RESULTS: In all conditions, drivers started reading messages (drivers’ first glance to the display) before entering or before leaving the demand zone but tended to wait longer when faced with increased driving demands. While reading messages, drivers looked more or less off road, depending on types of driving demands. CONCLUSIONS: For task initiation, drivers avoid transitions from low to high demands; however, they are not discouraged when driving demands are already elevated. Drivers adjust time-sharing behavior according to driving demands while performing secondary tasks. Nonetheless, such adjustment may be less effective when total demands are high. APPLICATION: This study helps us to understand a driver’s role as an active controller in the context of distracted driving and provides insights for developing distraction interventions. SAGE Publications 2015-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4361471/ /pubmed/25850162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720814542974 Text en © 2014, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (http://www.uk.sagepub.com/aboutus/openaccess.htm). |
spellingShingle | Surface Transportation Liang, Yulan Horrey, William J. Hoffman, Joshua D. Reading Text While Driving: Understanding Drivers’ Strategic and Tactical Adaptation to Distraction |
title | Reading Text While Driving: Understanding Drivers’ Strategic and Tactical Adaptation to Distraction |
title_full | Reading Text While Driving: Understanding Drivers’ Strategic and Tactical Adaptation to Distraction |
title_fullStr | Reading Text While Driving: Understanding Drivers’ Strategic and Tactical Adaptation to Distraction |
title_full_unstemmed | Reading Text While Driving: Understanding Drivers’ Strategic and Tactical Adaptation to Distraction |
title_short | Reading Text While Driving: Understanding Drivers’ Strategic and Tactical Adaptation to Distraction |
title_sort | reading text while driving: understanding drivers’ strategic and tactical adaptation to distraction |
topic | Surface Transportation |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361471/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25850162 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720814542974 |
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