Rising C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin Levels Precede Early Complications After Esophagectomy

BACKGROUND: Elective esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction carries a high risk for complications. Early and accurate diagnosis could improve patient management. Increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels may be associated with any, surgical or infectious, complication and procalcitonin (PCT) specifically with infectious complications. METHODS: We measured CRP and PCT on post-operative days 0, 1, 2, and 3 in 45 consecutive patients. Complications were recorded up to 10 days post-esophagectomy. RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients developed a post-operative complication (5 surgical, 14 infectious, 9 combined surgical/infectious, including anastomotic leakage), presenting on day 3 or later. Elevated days 2 and 3 and a rise in CRP preceded the diagnosis of general or combined surgical/infectious complications (minimum area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) 0.75, P = 0.006). Elevated day 3 PCT preceded combined complications (AUROC 0.86, P < 0.001). High day 1 and 3 PCT levels preceded anastomotic leakage (minimum AUROC 0.76, P = 0.005), as did the day 3 CRP levels and their increases (minimum AUROC 0.78, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: This small study suggests that high or increasing CRP levels may precede the clinical diagnosis of general or surgical/infectious complications after esophagectomy. Elevated PCT levels may more specifically and timely precede combined surgical/infectious complications mainly associated with anastomotic leakage.