Cargando…
Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health
International and regional policies aimed at managing ocean ecosystem health need quantitative and comprehensive indices to synthesize information from a variety of sources, consistently measure progress, and communicate with key constituencies and the public. Here we present the second annual globa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25774678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117863 |
_version_ | 1782361702414680064 |
---|---|
author | Halpern, Benjamin S. Longo, Catherine Lowndes, Julia S. Stewart Best, Benjamin D. Frazier, Melanie Katona, Steven K. Kleisner, Kristin M. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Scarborough, Courtney Selig, Elizabeth R. |
author_facet | Halpern, Benjamin S. Longo, Catherine Lowndes, Julia S. Stewart Best, Benjamin D. Frazier, Melanie Katona, Steven K. Kleisner, Kristin M. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Scarborough, Courtney Selig, Elizabeth R. |
author_sort | Halpern, Benjamin S. |
collection | PubMed |
description | International and regional policies aimed at managing ocean ecosystem health need quantitative and comprehensive indices to synthesize information from a variety of sources, consistently measure progress, and communicate with key constituencies and the public. Here we present the second annual global assessment of the Ocean Health Index, reporting current scores and annual changes since 2012, recalculated using updated methods and data based on the best available science, for 221 coastal countries and territories. The Index measures performance of ten societal goals for healthy oceans on a quantitative scale of increasing health from 0 to 100, and combines these scores into a single Index score, for each country and globally. The global Index score improved one point (from 67 to 68), while many country-level Index and goal scores had larger changes. Per-country Index scores ranged from 41–95 and, on average, improved by 0.06 points (range -8 to +12). Globally, average scores increased for individual goals by as much as 6.5 points (coastal economies) and decreased by as much as 1.2 points (natural products). Annual updates of the Index, even when not all input data have been updated, provide valuable information to scientists, policy makers, and resource managers because patterns and trends can emerge from the data that have been updated. Changes of even a few points indicate potential successes (when scores increase) that merit recognition, or concerns (when scores decrease) that may require mitigative action, with changes of more than 10–20 points representing large shifts that deserve greater attention. Goal scores showed remarkably little covariance across regions, indicating low redundancy in the Index, such that each goal delivers information about a different facet of ocean health. Together these scores provide a snapshot of global ocean health and suggest where countries have made progress and where a need for further improvement exists. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4361765 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43617652015-03-23 Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health Halpern, Benjamin S. Longo, Catherine Lowndes, Julia S. Stewart Best, Benjamin D. Frazier, Melanie Katona, Steven K. Kleisner, Kristin M. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Scarborough, Courtney Selig, Elizabeth R. PLoS One Research Article International and regional policies aimed at managing ocean ecosystem health need quantitative and comprehensive indices to synthesize information from a variety of sources, consistently measure progress, and communicate with key constituencies and the public. Here we present the second annual global assessment of the Ocean Health Index, reporting current scores and annual changes since 2012, recalculated using updated methods and data based on the best available science, for 221 coastal countries and territories. The Index measures performance of ten societal goals for healthy oceans on a quantitative scale of increasing health from 0 to 100, and combines these scores into a single Index score, for each country and globally. The global Index score improved one point (from 67 to 68), while many country-level Index and goal scores had larger changes. Per-country Index scores ranged from 41–95 and, on average, improved by 0.06 points (range -8 to +12). Globally, average scores increased for individual goals by as much as 6.5 points (coastal economies) and decreased by as much as 1.2 points (natural products). Annual updates of the Index, even when not all input data have been updated, provide valuable information to scientists, policy makers, and resource managers because patterns and trends can emerge from the data that have been updated. Changes of even a few points indicate potential successes (when scores increase) that merit recognition, or concerns (when scores decrease) that may require mitigative action, with changes of more than 10–20 points representing large shifts that deserve greater attention. Goal scores showed remarkably little covariance across regions, indicating low redundancy in the Index, such that each goal delivers information about a different facet of ocean health. Together these scores provide a snapshot of global ocean health and suggest where countries have made progress and where a need for further improvement exists. Public Library of Science 2015-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4361765/ /pubmed/25774678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117863 Text en © 2015 Halpern et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Halpern, Benjamin S. Longo, Catherine Lowndes, Julia S. Stewart Best, Benjamin D. Frazier, Melanie Katona, Steven K. Kleisner, Kristin M. Rosenberg, Andrew A. Scarborough, Courtney Selig, Elizabeth R. Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health |
title | Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health |
title_full | Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health |
title_fullStr | Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health |
title_full_unstemmed | Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health |
title_short | Patterns and Emerging Trends in Global Ocean Health |
title_sort | patterns and emerging trends in global ocean health |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4361765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25774678 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0117863 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT halpernbenjamins patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT longocatherine patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT lowndesjuliasstewart patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT bestbenjamind patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT fraziermelanie patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT katonastevenk patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT kleisnerkristinm patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT rosenbergandrewa patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT scarboroughcourtney patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth AT seligelizabethr patternsandemergingtrendsinglobaloceanhealth |