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Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders
Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are generally thought to lack empathy. However, according to recent empirical and self-advocacy studies, individuals with ASD identify with others with ASD. Based on mutual understanding, individuals with ASD respond empathically to others with thes...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4362306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25852514 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00124 |
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author | Komeda, Hidetsugu |
author_facet | Komeda, Hidetsugu |
author_sort | Komeda, Hidetsugu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are generally thought to lack empathy. However, according to recent empirical and self-advocacy studies, individuals with ASD identify with others with ASD. Based on mutual understanding, individuals with ASD respond empathically to others with these disorders. Results have shown that typically developing (TD) adults identify with TD fictional characters, and that such identification plays a critical role in social cognition. TD individuals retrieve episodes involving TD individuals faster than they retrieve episodes involving ASD individuals. Individuals with ASD also show a “similarity effect” whereby they retrieve stories involving ASD individuals more effectively when the stories have consistent outcomes than when they have inconsistent outcomes. In this context, I hypothesized that similarities between a perceiver and a target facilitate cognitive processing. This hypothesis was named the “similarity hypothesis”. Perceivers empathize with targets similar to themselves, which facilitates subsequent cognitive processing. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies are reviewed based on the similarity hypothesis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4362306 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43623062015-04-07 Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders Komeda, Hidetsugu Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are generally thought to lack empathy. However, according to recent empirical and self-advocacy studies, individuals with ASD identify with others with ASD. Based on mutual understanding, individuals with ASD respond empathically to others with these disorders. Results have shown that typically developing (TD) adults identify with TD fictional characters, and that such identification plays a critical role in social cognition. TD individuals retrieve episodes involving TD individuals faster than they retrieve episodes involving ASD individuals. Individuals with ASD also show a “similarity effect” whereby they retrieve stories involving ASD individuals more effectively when the stories have consistent outcomes than when they have inconsistent outcomes. In this context, I hypothesized that similarities between a perceiver and a target facilitate cognitive processing. This hypothesis was named the “similarity hypothesis”. Perceivers empathize with targets similar to themselves, which facilitates subsequent cognitive processing. Behavioral and neuroimaging studies are reviewed based on the similarity hypothesis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-03-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4362306/ /pubmed/25852514 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00124 Text en Copyright © 2015 Komeda. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Komeda, Hidetsugu Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders |
title | Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders |
title_full | Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders |
title_fullStr | Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders |
title_full_unstemmed | Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders |
title_short | Similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders |
title_sort | similarity hypothesis: understanding of others with autism spectrum disorders by individuals with autism spectrum disorders |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4362306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25852514 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00124 |
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