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Local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity

Estrogens can induce rapid, short-lived physiological and behavioral responses, in addition to their slow, but long-term, effects at the transcriptional level. To be functionally relevant, these effects should be associated with rapid modulations of estrogens concentrations. 17β-estradiol is synthes...

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Autores principales: Charlier, Thierry D., Cornil, Charlotte A., Patte-Mensah, Christine, Meyer, Laurence, Mensah-Nyagan, A. Guy, Balthazart, Jacques
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4365721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25852459
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00083
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author Charlier, Thierry D.
Cornil, Charlotte A.
Patte-Mensah, Christine
Meyer, Laurence
Mensah-Nyagan, A. Guy
Balthazart, Jacques
author_facet Charlier, Thierry D.
Cornil, Charlotte A.
Patte-Mensah, Christine
Meyer, Laurence
Mensah-Nyagan, A. Guy
Balthazart, Jacques
author_sort Charlier, Thierry D.
collection PubMed
description Estrogens can induce rapid, short-lived physiological and behavioral responses, in addition to their slow, but long-term, effects at the transcriptional level. To be functionally relevant, these effects should be associated with rapid modulations of estrogens concentrations. 17β-estradiol is synthesized by the enzyme aromatase, using testosterone as a substrate, but can also be degraded into catechol-estrogens via hydroxylation by the same enzyme, leading to an increase or decrease in estrogens concentration, respectively. The first evidence that aromatase activity (AA) can be rapidly modulated came from experiments performed in Japanese quail hypothalamus homogenates. This rapid modulation is triggered by calcium-dependent phosphorylations and was confirmed in other tissues and species. The mechanisms controlling the phosphorylation status, the targeted amino acid residues and the reversibility seem to vary depending of the tissues and is discussed in this review. We currently do not know whether the phosphorylation of the same amino acid affects both aromatase and/or hydroxylase activities or whether these residues are different. These processes provide a new general mechanism by which local estrogen concentration can be rapidly altered in the brain and other tissues.
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spelling pubmed-43657212015-04-07 Local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity Charlier, Thierry D. Cornil, Charlotte A. Patte-Mensah, Christine Meyer, Laurence Mensah-Nyagan, A. Guy Balthazart, Jacques Front Neurosci Endocrinology Estrogens can induce rapid, short-lived physiological and behavioral responses, in addition to their slow, but long-term, effects at the transcriptional level. To be functionally relevant, these effects should be associated with rapid modulations of estrogens concentrations. 17β-estradiol is synthesized by the enzyme aromatase, using testosterone as a substrate, but can also be degraded into catechol-estrogens via hydroxylation by the same enzyme, leading to an increase or decrease in estrogens concentration, respectively. The first evidence that aromatase activity (AA) can be rapidly modulated came from experiments performed in Japanese quail hypothalamus homogenates. This rapid modulation is triggered by calcium-dependent phosphorylations and was confirmed in other tissues and species. The mechanisms controlling the phosphorylation status, the targeted amino acid residues and the reversibility seem to vary depending of the tissues and is discussed in this review. We currently do not know whether the phosphorylation of the same amino acid affects both aromatase and/or hydroxylase activities or whether these residues are different. These processes provide a new general mechanism by which local estrogen concentration can be rapidly altered in the brain and other tissues. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-03-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4365721/ /pubmed/25852459 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00083 Text en Copyright © 2015 Charlier, Cornil, Patte-Mensah, Meyer, Mensah-Nyagan and Balthazart. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Charlier, Thierry D.
Cornil, Charlotte A.
Patte-Mensah, Christine
Meyer, Laurence
Mensah-Nyagan, A. Guy
Balthazart, Jacques
Local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity
title Local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity
title_full Local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity
title_fullStr Local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity
title_full_unstemmed Local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity
title_short Local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity
title_sort local modulation of steroid action: rapid control of enzymatic activity
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4365721/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25852459
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2015.00083
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