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Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature with regard to the prevalence, incidence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP). METHOD: A systematic review of the literature of observational studies for PRP was undertaken using five electronic databases. Any st...

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Autores principales: Garner, Rozeena, Kumari, Rakesh, Lanyon, Peter, Doherty, Michael, Zhang, Weiya
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4368987/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25776043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006389
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author Garner, Rozeena
Kumari, Rakesh
Lanyon, Peter
Doherty, Michael
Zhang, Weiya
author_facet Garner, Rozeena
Kumari, Rakesh
Lanyon, Peter
Doherty, Michael
Zhang, Weiya
author_sort Garner, Rozeena
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature with regard to the prevalence, incidence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP). METHOD: A systematic review of the literature of observational studies for PRP was undertaken using five electronic databases. Any studies reporting prevalence, incidence and risk factors of PRP were collected. Relative risk or OR and 95% CI were extracted or calculated to present the association between risk factors and PRP. Random effects model was used to pool the results. RESULTS: 33 articles assessing a total of 33 733 participants were included in this analysis (2 cohort, 17 cross-sectional and 14 case–control studies). The pooled prevalence of PRP was 4.85% (95% CI 2.08% to 8.71%) in the general population. The pooled annual incidence of PRP was 0.25% (95% CI 0.19% to 0.32%). Risk factors and associations for PRP included female gender (OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.91), family history (OR=16.6, 95% CI 7.44 to 36.8), smoking (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.53), manual occupation (OR=2.66 95% CI 1.73 to 4.08), migraine (OR=4.02, 95% CI 2.62 to 6.17), cardiovascular disease (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.34) and marital status (married, OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.83). The definition of PRP varied considerably between studies. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic review of the prevalence, incidence, risk factors and associations of PRP. Further study using uniform strict criteria for the condition is required to confirm these findings, particularly the possible association with cardiovascular disease.
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spelling pubmed-43689872015-03-26 Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Garner, Rozeena Kumari, Rakesh Lanyon, Peter Doherty, Michael Zhang, Weiya BMJ Open Epidemiology OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the literature with regard to the prevalence, incidence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP). METHOD: A systematic review of the literature of observational studies for PRP was undertaken using five electronic databases. Any studies reporting prevalence, incidence and risk factors of PRP were collected. Relative risk or OR and 95% CI were extracted or calculated to present the association between risk factors and PRP. Random effects model was used to pool the results. RESULTS: 33 articles assessing a total of 33 733 participants were included in this analysis (2 cohort, 17 cross-sectional and 14 case–control studies). The pooled prevalence of PRP was 4.85% (95% CI 2.08% to 8.71%) in the general population. The pooled annual incidence of PRP was 0.25% (95% CI 0.19% to 0.32%). Risk factors and associations for PRP included female gender (OR=1.65, 95% CI 1.42 to 1.91), family history (OR=16.6, 95% CI 7.44 to 36.8), smoking (OR=1.27, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.53), manual occupation (OR=2.66 95% CI 1.73 to 4.08), migraine (OR=4.02, 95% CI 2.62 to 6.17), cardiovascular disease (OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.34) and marital status (married, OR=0.60, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.83). The definition of PRP varied considerably between studies. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic review of the prevalence, incidence, risk factors and associations of PRP. Further study using uniform strict criteria for the condition is required to confirm these findings, particularly the possible association with cardiovascular disease. BMJ Publishing Group 2015-03-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4368987/ /pubmed/25776043 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006389 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Epidemiology
Garner, Rozeena
Kumari, Rakesh
Lanyon, Peter
Doherty, Michael
Zhang, Weiya
Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
title Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
title_full Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
title_fullStr Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
title_short Prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary Raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
title_sort prevalence, risk factors and associations of primary raynaud's phenomenon: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
topic Epidemiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4368987/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25776043
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006389
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