Cargando…

Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective

Most cutaneous wounds heal with scar formation. Ideally, an inconspicuous normotrophic scar is formed, but an abnormal scar (hypertrophic scar or keloid) can also develop. A major challenge to scientists and physicians is to prevent adverse scar formation after severe trauma (e.g. burn injury) and u...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: van den Broek, Lenie J, Limandjaja, Grace C, Niessen, Frank B, Gibbs, Susan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24750541
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.12419
_version_ 1782362732593414144
author van den Broek, Lenie J
Limandjaja, Grace C
Niessen, Frank B
Gibbs, Susan
author_facet van den Broek, Lenie J
Limandjaja, Grace C
Niessen, Frank B
Gibbs, Susan
author_sort van den Broek, Lenie J
collection PubMed
description Most cutaneous wounds heal with scar formation. Ideally, an inconspicuous normotrophic scar is formed, but an abnormal scar (hypertrophic scar or keloid) can also develop. A major challenge to scientists and physicians is to prevent adverse scar formation after severe trauma (e.g. burn injury) and understand why some individuals will form adverse scars even after relatively minor injury. Currently, many different models exist to study scar formation, ranging from simple monolayer cell culture to 3D tissue-engineered models even to humanized mouse models. Currently, these high-/medium-throughput test models avoid the main questions referring to why an adverse scar forms instead of a normotrophic scar and what causes a hypertrophic scar to form rather than a keloid scar and also, how is the genetic predisposition of the individual and the immune system involved. This information is essential if we are to identify new drug targets and develop optimal strategies in the future to prevent adverse scar formation. This viewpoint review summarizes the progress on in vitro and animal scar models, stresses the limitations in the current models and identifies the future challenges if scar-free healing is to be achieved in the future.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4369123
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher BlackWell Publishing Ltd
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-43691232015-03-25 Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective van den Broek, Lenie J Limandjaja, Grace C Niessen, Frank B Gibbs, Susan Exp Dermatol Viewpoints Most cutaneous wounds heal with scar formation. Ideally, an inconspicuous normotrophic scar is formed, but an abnormal scar (hypertrophic scar or keloid) can also develop. A major challenge to scientists and physicians is to prevent adverse scar formation after severe trauma (e.g. burn injury) and understand why some individuals will form adverse scars even after relatively minor injury. Currently, many different models exist to study scar formation, ranging from simple monolayer cell culture to 3D tissue-engineered models even to humanized mouse models. Currently, these high-/medium-throughput test models avoid the main questions referring to why an adverse scar forms instead of a normotrophic scar and what causes a hypertrophic scar to form rather than a keloid scar and also, how is the genetic predisposition of the individual and the immune system involved. This information is essential if we are to identify new drug targets and develop optimal strategies in the future to prevent adverse scar formation. This viewpoint review summarizes the progress on in vitro and animal scar models, stresses the limitations in the current models and identifies the future challenges if scar-free healing is to be achieved in the future. BlackWell Publishing Ltd 2014-06 2014-05-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4369123/ /pubmed/24750541 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.12419 Text en © 2014 The Authors. Experimental Dermatology. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Viewpoints
van den Broek, Lenie J
Limandjaja, Grace C
Niessen, Frank B
Gibbs, Susan
Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective
title Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective
title_full Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective
title_fullStr Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective
title_full_unstemmed Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective
title_short Human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective
title_sort human hypertrophic and keloid scar models: principles, limitations and future challenges from a tissue engineering perspective
topic Viewpoints
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4369123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24750541
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.12419
work_keys_str_mv AT vandenbroekleniej humanhypertrophicandkeloidscarmodelsprincipleslimitationsandfuturechallengesfromatissueengineeringperspective
AT limandjajagracec humanhypertrophicandkeloidscarmodelsprincipleslimitationsandfuturechallengesfromatissueengineeringperspective
AT niessenfrankb humanhypertrophicandkeloidscarmodelsprincipleslimitationsandfuturechallengesfromatissueengineeringperspective
AT gibbssusan humanhypertrophicandkeloidscarmodelsprincipleslimitationsandfuturechallengesfromatissueengineeringperspective