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De Novo Origin of VCY2 from Autosome to Y-Transposed Amplicon
The formation of new genes is a primary driving force of evolution in all organisms. The de novo evolution of new genes from non-protein-coding genomic regions is emerging as an important additional mechanism for novel gene creation. Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals and contain ge...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4370482/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119651 |
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author | Cao, Peng-Rong Wang, Lei Jiang, Yu-Chao Yi, Yin-Sha Qu, Fang Liu, Tao-Cheng Lv, Yuan |
author_facet | Cao, Peng-Rong Wang, Lei Jiang, Yu-Chao Yi, Yin-Sha Qu, Fang Liu, Tao-Cheng Lv, Yuan |
author_sort | Cao, Peng-Rong |
collection | PubMed |
description | The formation of new genes is a primary driving force of evolution in all organisms. The de novo evolution of new genes from non-protein-coding genomic regions is emerging as an important additional mechanism for novel gene creation. Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals and contain genes that are required for male-specific functions. In this study, a search was undertaken for Y chromosome de novo genes derived from non-protein-coding sequences. The Y chromosome orphan gene variable charge, Y-linked (VCY)2, is an autosome-derived gene that has sequence similarity to large autosomal fragments but lacks an autosomal protein-coding homolog. VCY2 locates in the amplicon containing long DNA fragments that were transposed from autosomes to the Y chromosome before the ape-monkey split. We confirmed that VCY2cannot be encoded by autosomes due to the presence of multiple disablers that disrupt the open reading frame, such as the absence of start or stop codons and the presence of premature stop codons. Similar observations have been made for homologs in the autosomes of the chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus macaque, baboon and out-group marmoset, which suggests that there was a non-protein-coding ancestral VCY2 that was common to apes and monkeys that predated the transposition event. Furthermore, while protein-coding orthologs are absent, a putative non-protein-coding VCY2 with conserved disablers was identified in the rhesus macaque Y chromosome male-specific region. This finding implies that VCY2 might have not acquired its protein-coding ability before the ape-monkey split. VCY2 encodes a testis-specific expressed protein and is involved in the pathologic process of male infertility, and the acquisition of this gene might improve male fertility. This is the first evidence that de novo genes can be generated from transposed autosomal non-protein-coding segments, and this evidence provides novel insights into the evolutionary history of the Y chromosome. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4370482 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43704822015-04-04 De Novo Origin of VCY2 from Autosome to Y-Transposed Amplicon Cao, Peng-Rong Wang, Lei Jiang, Yu-Chao Yi, Yin-Sha Qu, Fang Liu, Tao-Cheng Lv, Yuan PLoS One Research Article The formation of new genes is a primary driving force of evolution in all organisms. The de novo evolution of new genes from non-protein-coding genomic regions is emerging as an important additional mechanism for novel gene creation. Y chromosomes underlie sex determination in mammals and contain genes that are required for male-specific functions. In this study, a search was undertaken for Y chromosome de novo genes derived from non-protein-coding sequences. The Y chromosome orphan gene variable charge, Y-linked (VCY)2, is an autosome-derived gene that has sequence similarity to large autosomal fragments but lacks an autosomal protein-coding homolog. VCY2 locates in the amplicon containing long DNA fragments that were transposed from autosomes to the Y chromosome before the ape-monkey split. We confirmed that VCY2cannot be encoded by autosomes due to the presence of multiple disablers that disrupt the open reading frame, such as the absence of start or stop codons and the presence of premature stop codons. Similar observations have been made for homologs in the autosomes of the chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus macaque, baboon and out-group marmoset, which suggests that there was a non-protein-coding ancestral VCY2 that was common to apes and monkeys that predated the transposition event. Furthermore, while protein-coding orthologs are absent, a putative non-protein-coding VCY2 with conserved disablers was identified in the rhesus macaque Y chromosome male-specific region. This finding implies that VCY2 might have not acquired its protein-coding ability before the ape-monkey split. VCY2 encodes a testis-specific expressed protein and is involved in the pathologic process of male infertility, and the acquisition of this gene might improve male fertility. This is the first evidence that de novo genes can be generated from transposed autosomal non-protein-coding segments, and this evidence provides novel insights into the evolutionary history of the Y chromosome. Public Library of Science 2015-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4370482/ /pubmed/25799347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119651 Text en © 2015 Cao et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Cao, Peng-Rong Wang, Lei Jiang, Yu-Chao Yi, Yin-Sha Qu, Fang Liu, Tao-Cheng Lv, Yuan De Novo Origin of VCY2 from Autosome to Y-Transposed Amplicon |
title |
De Novo Origin of VCY2 from Autosome to Y-Transposed Amplicon |
title_full |
De Novo Origin of VCY2 from Autosome to Y-Transposed Amplicon |
title_fullStr |
De Novo Origin of VCY2 from Autosome to Y-Transposed Amplicon |
title_full_unstemmed |
De Novo Origin of VCY2 from Autosome to Y-Transposed Amplicon |
title_short |
De Novo Origin of VCY2 from Autosome to Y-Transposed Amplicon |
title_sort | de novo origin of vcy2 from autosome to y-transposed amplicon |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4370482/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799347 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119651 |
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