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Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study

Since 1986, studies about the escape decisions made by prey are grounded in optimal escape theory (OET) which states that prey will initiate escape when the risk of remaining and the costs of leaving are equal. However, a recent hypothesis, Flush Early and Avoid the Rush (FEAR), acknowledged that th...

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Autores principales: Samia, Diogo S. M., Blumstein, Daniel T.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4370843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799238
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119906
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author Samia, Diogo S. M.
Blumstein, Daniel T.
author_facet Samia, Diogo S. M.
Blumstein, Daniel T.
author_sort Samia, Diogo S. M.
collection PubMed
description Since 1986, studies about the escape decisions made by prey are grounded in optimal escape theory (OET) which states that prey will initiate escape when the risk of remaining and the costs of leaving are equal. However, a recent hypothesis, Flush Early and Avoid the Rush (FEAR), acknowledged that the cost of monitoring approaching predators might be a ubiquitous cost. The FEAR hypothesis predicts that prey will generally flee soon after they detect a predator so as to minimize the costs incurred by monitoring the predator. Knowing whether animals flee to reduce monitoring costs is of applied interest because wildlife managers use escape behavior to create set-back zones to reduce human-wildlife conflict. Here we provide the most comprehensive assessment of the FEAR hypothesis using data collected from 178 bird species representing 67 families from two continents. The FEAR hypothesis explains escape behavior in 79% of studied species. Because the FEAR hypothesis is a widespread phenomenon that drives escape behavior in birds, alert distance must be systematically incorporated into the design of set-back zones to protect vulnerable species.
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spelling pubmed-43708432015-04-04 Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study Samia, Diogo S. M. Blumstein, Daniel T. PLoS One Research Article Since 1986, studies about the escape decisions made by prey are grounded in optimal escape theory (OET) which states that prey will initiate escape when the risk of remaining and the costs of leaving are equal. However, a recent hypothesis, Flush Early and Avoid the Rush (FEAR), acknowledged that the cost of monitoring approaching predators might be a ubiquitous cost. The FEAR hypothesis predicts that prey will generally flee soon after they detect a predator so as to minimize the costs incurred by monitoring the predator. Knowing whether animals flee to reduce monitoring costs is of applied interest because wildlife managers use escape behavior to create set-back zones to reduce human-wildlife conflict. Here we provide the most comprehensive assessment of the FEAR hypothesis using data collected from 178 bird species representing 67 families from two continents. The FEAR hypothesis explains escape behavior in 79% of studied species. Because the FEAR hypothesis is a widespread phenomenon that drives escape behavior in birds, alert distance must be systematically incorporated into the design of set-back zones to protect vulnerable species. Public Library of Science 2015-03-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4370843/ /pubmed/25799238 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119906 Text en © 2015 Samia, Blumstein http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Samia, Diogo S. M.
Blumstein, Daniel T.
Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study
title Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study
title_full Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study
title_fullStr Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study
title_full_unstemmed Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study
title_short Birds Flush Early and Avoid the Rush: An Interspecific Study
title_sort birds flush early and avoid the rush: an interspecific study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4370843/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799238
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0119906
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