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Host Phenology and Geography as Drivers of Differentiation in Generalist Fungal Mycoparasites

The question as to why parasites remain generalist or become specialist is a key unresolved question in evolutionary biology. Ampelomyces spp., intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildew fungi, which are themselves plant pathogens, are a useful model for studies of this issue. Ampelomyces is used...

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Autores principales: Pintye, Alexandra, Ropars, Jeanne, Harvey, Nick, Shin, Hyeon-Dong, Leyronas, Christel, Nicot, Philippe C., Giraud, Tatiana, Kiss, Levente
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4372539/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25803832
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120703
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author Pintye, Alexandra
Ropars, Jeanne
Harvey, Nick
Shin, Hyeon-Dong
Leyronas, Christel
Nicot, Philippe C.
Giraud, Tatiana
Kiss, Levente
author_facet Pintye, Alexandra
Ropars, Jeanne
Harvey, Nick
Shin, Hyeon-Dong
Leyronas, Christel
Nicot, Philippe C.
Giraud, Tatiana
Kiss, Levente
author_sort Pintye, Alexandra
collection PubMed
description The question as to why parasites remain generalist or become specialist is a key unresolved question in evolutionary biology. Ampelomyces spp., intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildew fungi, which are themselves plant pathogens, are a useful model for studies of this issue. Ampelomyces is used for the biological control of mildew. Differences in mycohost phenology promote temporal isolation between sympatric Ampelomyces mycoparasites. Apple powdery mildew (APM) causes spring epidemics, whereas other powdery mildew species on plants other than apple cause epidemics later in the season. This has resulted in genetic differentiation between APM and non-APM strains. It is unclear whether there is genetic differentiation between non-APM Ampelomyces lineages due to their specialization on different mycohosts. We used microsatellites to address this question and found no significant differentiation between non-APM Ampelomyces strains from different mycohosts or host plants, but strong differentiation between APM and non-APM strains. A geographical structure was revealed in both groups, with differences between European countries, demonstrating restricted dispersal at the continent scale and a high resolution for our markers. We found footprints of recombination in both groups, possibly more frequent in the APM cluster. Overall, Ampelomyces thus appears to be one of the rare genuine generalist pathogenic fungi able to parasitize multiple hosts in natural populations. It is therefore an excellent model for studying the evolution of pathogens towards a generalist rather than host-specific strategy, particularly in light of the tritrophic interaction between Ampelomyces mycoparasites, their powdery mildew fungal hosts and the mildew host plants.
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spelling pubmed-43725392015-04-04 Host Phenology and Geography as Drivers of Differentiation in Generalist Fungal Mycoparasites Pintye, Alexandra Ropars, Jeanne Harvey, Nick Shin, Hyeon-Dong Leyronas, Christel Nicot, Philippe C. Giraud, Tatiana Kiss, Levente PLoS One Research Article The question as to why parasites remain generalist or become specialist is a key unresolved question in evolutionary biology. Ampelomyces spp., intracellular mycoparasites of powdery mildew fungi, which are themselves plant pathogens, are a useful model for studies of this issue. Ampelomyces is used for the biological control of mildew. Differences in mycohost phenology promote temporal isolation between sympatric Ampelomyces mycoparasites. Apple powdery mildew (APM) causes spring epidemics, whereas other powdery mildew species on plants other than apple cause epidemics later in the season. This has resulted in genetic differentiation between APM and non-APM strains. It is unclear whether there is genetic differentiation between non-APM Ampelomyces lineages due to their specialization on different mycohosts. We used microsatellites to address this question and found no significant differentiation between non-APM Ampelomyces strains from different mycohosts or host plants, but strong differentiation between APM and non-APM strains. A geographical structure was revealed in both groups, with differences between European countries, demonstrating restricted dispersal at the continent scale and a high resolution for our markers. We found footprints of recombination in both groups, possibly more frequent in the APM cluster. Overall, Ampelomyces thus appears to be one of the rare genuine generalist pathogenic fungi able to parasitize multiple hosts in natural populations. It is therefore an excellent model for studying the evolution of pathogens towards a generalist rather than host-specific strategy, particularly in light of the tritrophic interaction between Ampelomyces mycoparasites, their powdery mildew fungal hosts and the mildew host plants. Public Library of Science 2015-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4372539/ /pubmed/25803832 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120703 Text en © 2015 Pintye et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Pintye, Alexandra
Ropars, Jeanne
Harvey, Nick
Shin, Hyeon-Dong
Leyronas, Christel
Nicot, Philippe C.
Giraud, Tatiana
Kiss, Levente
Host Phenology and Geography as Drivers of Differentiation in Generalist Fungal Mycoparasites
title Host Phenology and Geography as Drivers of Differentiation in Generalist Fungal Mycoparasites
title_full Host Phenology and Geography as Drivers of Differentiation in Generalist Fungal Mycoparasites
title_fullStr Host Phenology and Geography as Drivers of Differentiation in Generalist Fungal Mycoparasites
title_full_unstemmed Host Phenology and Geography as Drivers of Differentiation in Generalist Fungal Mycoparasites
title_short Host Phenology and Geography as Drivers of Differentiation in Generalist Fungal Mycoparasites
title_sort host phenology and geography as drivers of differentiation in generalist fungal mycoparasites
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4372539/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25803832
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120703
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