Cargando…

No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses

Plasmodium vivax is a human malaria parasite responsible for significant morbidity worldwide and potentially death. This parasite possesses formidable liver-stage biology that involves the formation of dormant parasites known as hypnozoites. Hypnozoites are capable of activating weeks, months, or ye...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Joyner, Chester, Barnwell, John W., Galinski, Mary R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4374475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859242
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00145
_version_ 1782363497204547584
author Joyner, Chester
Barnwell, John W.
Galinski, Mary R.
author_facet Joyner, Chester
Barnwell, John W.
Galinski, Mary R.
author_sort Joyner, Chester
collection PubMed
description Plasmodium vivax is a human malaria parasite responsible for significant morbidity worldwide and potentially death. This parasite possesses formidable liver-stage biology that involves the formation of dormant parasites known as hypnozoites. Hypnozoites are capable of activating weeks, months, or years after a primary blood-stage infection causing relapsing bouts of illness. Elimination of this dormant parasitic reservoir will be critical for global malaria eradication. Although hypnozoites were first discovered in 1982, few advancements have been made to understand their composition and biology. Until recently, in vitro models did not exist to study these forms and studying them from human ex vivo samples was virtually impossible. Today, non-human primate (NHP) models and modern systems biology approaches are poised as tools to enable the in-depth study of P. vivax liver-stage biology, including hypnozoites and relapses. NHP liver-stage model systems for P. vivax and the related simian malaria species P. cynomolgi are discussed along with perspectives regarding metabolite biomarker discovery, putative roles of extracellular vesicles, and relapse immunobiology.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4374475
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2015
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-43744752015-04-09 No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses Joyner, Chester Barnwell, John W. Galinski, Mary R. Front Microbiol Microbiology Plasmodium vivax is a human malaria parasite responsible for significant morbidity worldwide and potentially death. This parasite possesses formidable liver-stage biology that involves the formation of dormant parasites known as hypnozoites. Hypnozoites are capable of activating weeks, months, or years after a primary blood-stage infection causing relapsing bouts of illness. Elimination of this dormant parasitic reservoir will be critical for global malaria eradication. Although hypnozoites were first discovered in 1982, few advancements have been made to understand their composition and biology. Until recently, in vitro models did not exist to study these forms and studying them from human ex vivo samples was virtually impossible. Today, non-human primate (NHP) models and modern systems biology approaches are poised as tools to enable the in-depth study of P. vivax liver-stage biology, including hypnozoites and relapses. NHP liver-stage model systems for P. vivax and the related simian malaria species P. cynomolgi are discussed along with perspectives regarding metabolite biomarker discovery, putative roles of extracellular vesicles, and relapse immunobiology. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC4374475/ /pubmed/25859242 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00145 Text en Copyright © 2015 Joyner, Barnwell and Galinski. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Joyner, Chester
Barnwell, John W.
Galinski, Mary R.
No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses
title No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses
title_full No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses
title_fullStr No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses
title_full_unstemmed No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses
title_short No more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding Plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses
title_sort no more monkeying around: primate malaria model systems are key to understanding plasmodium vivax liver-stage biology, hypnozoites, and relapses
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4374475/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25859242
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00145
work_keys_str_mv AT joynerchester nomoremonkeyingaroundprimatemalariamodelsystemsarekeytounderstandingplasmodiumvivaxliverstagebiologyhypnozoitesandrelapses
AT barnwelljohnw nomoremonkeyingaroundprimatemalariamodelsystemsarekeytounderstandingplasmodiumvivaxliverstagebiologyhypnozoitesandrelapses
AT galinskimaryr nomoremonkeyingaroundprimatemalariamodelsystemsarekeytounderstandingplasmodiumvivaxliverstagebiologyhypnozoitesandrelapses