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Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays

The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated...

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Autores principales: Leite, Aracelli de Sousa, Dantas, Alisson Ferreira, Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva, Gomes Júnior, Antonio L., de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo, Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes, de Freitas, Rivelilson M., Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C., Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861638
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/626835
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author Leite, Aracelli de Sousa
Dantas, Alisson Ferreira
Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva
Gomes Júnior, Antonio L.
de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo
Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes
de Freitas, Rivelilson M.
Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C.
Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia
author_facet Leite, Aracelli de Sousa
Dantas, Alisson Ferreira
Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva
Gomes Júnior, Antonio L.
de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo
Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes
de Freitas, Rivelilson M.
Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C.
Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia
author_sort Leite, Aracelli de Sousa
collection PubMed
description The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO(4)·5H(2)O) on the meristems' root of Allium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO(4)·5H(2)O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic to A. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO(4)·5H(2)O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in the A. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in the A. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used.
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spelling pubmed-43773902015-04-08 Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays Leite, Aracelli de Sousa Dantas, Alisson Ferreira Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva Gomes Júnior, Antonio L. de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes de Freitas, Rivelilson M. Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C. Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia Biomed Res Int Research Article The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO(4)·5H(2)O) on the meristems' root of Allium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO(4)·5H(2)O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic to A. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO(4)·5H(2)O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in the A. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in the A. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4377390/ /pubmed/25861638 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/626835 Text en Copyright © 2015 Aracelli de Sousa Leite et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Leite, Aracelli de Sousa
Dantas, Alisson Ferreira
Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva
Gomes Júnior, Antonio L.
de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo
Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes
de Freitas, Rivelilson M.
Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C.
Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia
Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays
title Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays
title_full Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays
title_fullStr Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays
title_short Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays
title_sort evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, and antimutagenic activities of natural and technical cashew nut shell liquids using the allium cepa and artemia salina bioassays
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377390/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861638
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/626835
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