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Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays
The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Hindawi Publishing Corporation
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377390/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861638 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/626835 |
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author | Leite, Aracelli de Sousa Dantas, Alisson Ferreira Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva Gomes Júnior, Antonio L. de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes de Freitas, Rivelilson M. Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C. Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia |
author_facet | Leite, Aracelli de Sousa Dantas, Alisson Ferreira Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva Gomes Júnior, Antonio L. de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes de Freitas, Rivelilson M. Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C. Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia |
author_sort | Leite, Aracelli de Sousa |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO(4)·5H(2)O) on the meristems' root of Allium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO(4)·5H(2)O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic to A. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO(4)·5H(2)O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in the A. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in the A. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4377390 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Hindawi Publishing Corporation |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43773902015-04-08 Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays Leite, Aracelli de Sousa Dantas, Alisson Ferreira Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva Gomes Júnior, Antonio L. de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes de Freitas, Rivelilson M. Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C. Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia Biomed Res Int Research Article The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO(4)·5H(2)O) on the meristems' root of Allium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO(4)·5H(2)O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic to A. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO(4)·5H(2)O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in the A. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in the A. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-03-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4377390/ /pubmed/25861638 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/626835 Text en Copyright © 2015 Aracelli de Sousa Leite et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Leite, Aracelli de Sousa Dantas, Alisson Ferreira Oliveira, George Laylson da Silva Gomes Júnior, Antonio L. de Lima, Sidney Gonçalo Citó, Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes de Freitas, Rivelilson M. Melo-Cavalcante, Ana Amélia de C. Dantas Lopes, José Arimateia Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays |
title | Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the
Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays |
title_full | Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the
Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the
Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the
Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays |
title_short | Evaluation of Toxic, Cytotoxic, Mutagenic, and Antimutagenic Activities of Natural and Technical Cashew Nut Shell Liquids Using the
Allium cepa and Artemia salina Bioassays |
title_sort | evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, and antimutagenic activities of natural and technical cashew nut shell liquids using the
allium cepa and artemia salina bioassays |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377390/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25861638 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/626835 |
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