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Pit Latrine Emptying Behavior and Demand for Sanitation Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Pit latrines are the main form of sanitation in unplanned areas in many rapidly growing developing cities. Understanding demand for pit latrine fecal sludge management (FSM) services in these communities is important for designing demand-responsive sanitation services and policies to improve public...

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Autores principales: Jenkins, Marion W., Cumming, Oliver, Cairncross, Sandy
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25734790
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120302588
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author Jenkins, Marion W.
Cumming, Oliver
Cairncross, Sandy
author_facet Jenkins, Marion W.
Cumming, Oliver
Cairncross, Sandy
author_sort Jenkins, Marion W.
collection PubMed
description Pit latrines are the main form of sanitation in unplanned areas in many rapidly growing developing cities. Understanding demand for pit latrine fecal sludge management (FSM) services in these communities is important for designing demand-responsive sanitation services and policies to improve public health. We examine latrine emptying knowledge, attitudes, behavior, trends and rates of safe/unsafe emptying, and measure demand for a new hygienic latrine emptying service in unplanned communities in Dar Es Salaam (Dar), Tanzania, using data from a cross-sectional survey at 662 residential properties in 35 unplanned sub-wards across Dar, where 97% had pit latrines. A picture emerges of expensive and poor FSM service options for latrine owners, resulting in widespread fecal sludge exposure that is likely to increase unless addressed. Households delay emptying as long as possible, use full pits beyond what is safe, face high costs even for unhygienic emptying, and resort to unsafe practices like ‘flooding out’. We measured strong interest in and willingness to pay (WTP) for the new pit emptying service at 96% of residences; 57% were WTP ≥U.S. $17 to remove ≥200 L of sludge. Emerging policy recommendations for safe FSM in unplanned urban communities in Dar and elsewhere are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-43779202015-04-27 Pit Latrine Emptying Behavior and Demand for Sanitation Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania Jenkins, Marion W. Cumming, Oliver Cairncross, Sandy Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Pit latrines are the main form of sanitation in unplanned areas in many rapidly growing developing cities. Understanding demand for pit latrine fecal sludge management (FSM) services in these communities is important for designing demand-responsive sanitation services and policies to improve public health. We examine latrine emptying knowledge, attitudes, behavior, trends and rates of safe/unsafe emptying, and measure demand for a new hygienic latrine emptying service in unplanned communities in Dar Es Salaam (Dar), Tanzania, using data from a cross-sectional survey at 662 residential properties in 35 unplanned sub-wards across Dar, where 97% had pit latrines. A picture emerges of expensive and poor FSM service options for latrine owners, resulting in widespread fecal sludge exposure that is likely to increase unless addressed. Households delay emptying as long as possible, use full pits beyond what is safe, face high costs even for unhygienic emptying, and resort to unsafe practices like ‘flooding out’. We measured strong interest in and willingness to pay (WTP) for the new pit emptying service at 96% of residences; 57% were WTP ≥U.S. $17 to remove ≥200 L of sludge. Emerging policy recommendations for safe FSM in unplanned urban communities in Dar and elsewhere are discussed. MDPI 2015-02-27 2015-03 /pmc/articles/PMC4377920/ /pubmed/25734790 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120302588 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jenkins, Marion W.
Cumming, Oliver
Cairncross, Sandy
Pit Latrine Emptying Behavior and Demand for Sanitation Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
title Pit Latrine Emptying Behavior and Demand for Sanitation Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
title_full Pit Latrine Emptying Behavior and Demand for Sanitation Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
title_fullStr Pit Latrine Emptying Behavior and Demand for Sanitation Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
title_full_unstemmed Pit Latrine Emptying Behavior and Demand for Sanitation Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
title_short Pit Latrine Emptying Behavior and Demand for Sanitation Services in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
title_sort pit latrine emptying behavior and demand for sanitation services in dar es salaam, tanzania
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4377920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25734790
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120302588
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