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Human Gastroenteropancreatic Expression of Melatonin and Its Receptors MT1 and MT2

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The largest source of melatonin, according to animal studies, is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but this is not yet thoroughly characterized in humans. This study aims to map the expression of melatonin and its two receptors in human GI tract and pancreas using microarray analys...

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Autores principales: Söderquist, Fanny, Hellström, Per M., Cunningham, Janet L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822611
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120195
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author Söderquist, Fanny
Hellström, Per M.
Cunningham, Janet L.
author_facet Söderquist, Fanny
Hellström, Per M.
Cunningham, Janet L.
author_sort Söderquist, Fanny
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND AND AIM: The largest source of melatonin, according to animal studies, is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but this is not yet thoroughly characterized in humans. This study aims to map the expression of melatonin and its two receptors in human GI tract and pancreas using microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry. METHOD: Gene expression data from normal intestine and pancreas and inflamed colon tissue due to ulcerative colitis were analyzed for expression of enzymes relevant for serotonin and melatonin production and their receptors. Sections from paraffin-embedded normal tissue from 42 individuals, representing the different parts of the GI tract (n=39) and pancreas (n=3) were studied with immunohistochemistry using antibodies with specificity for melatonin, MT(1) and MT(2) receptors and serotonin. RESULTS: Enzymes needed for production of melatonin are expressed in both GI tract and pancreas tissue. Strong melatonin immunoreactivity (IR) was seen in enterochromaffin (EC) cells partially co-localized with serotonin IR. Melatonin IR was also seen in pancreas islets. MT(1) and MT(2) IR were both found in the intestinal epithelium, in the submucosal and myenteric plexus, and in vessels in the GI tract as well as in pancreatic islets. MT(1) and MT(2) IR was strongest in the epithelium of the large intestine. In the other cell types, both MT(2) gene expression and IR were generally elevated compared to MT(1). Strong MT(2), IR was noted in EC cells but not MT(1) IR. Changes in gene expression that may result in reduced levels of melatonin were seen in relation to inflammation. CONCLUSION: Widespread gastroenteropancreatic expression of melatonin and its receptors in the GI tract and pancreas is in agreement with the multiple roles ascribed to melatonin, which include regulation of gastrointestinal motility, epithelial permeability as well as enteropancreatic cross-talk with plausible impact on metabolic control.
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spelling pubmed-43788602015-04-09 Human Gastroenteropancreatic Expression of Melatonin and Its Receptors MT1 and MT2 Söderquist, Fanny Hellström, Per M. Cunningham, Janet L. PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND AND AIM: The largest source of melatonin, according to animal studies, is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract but this is not yet thoroughly characterized in humans. This study aims to map the expression of melatonin and its two receptors in human GI tract and pancreas using microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry. METHOD: Gene expression data from normal intestine and pancreas and inflamed colon tissue due to ulcerative colitis were analyzed for expression of enzymes relevant for serotonin and melatonin production and their receptors. Sections from paraffin-embedded normal tissue from 42 individuals, representing the different parts of the GI tract (n=39) and pancreas (n=3) were studied with immunohistochemistry using antibodies with specificity for melatonin, MT(1) and MT(2) receptors and serotonin. RESULTS: Enzymes needed for production of melatonin are expressed in both GI tract and pancreas tissue. Strong melatonin immunoreactivity (IR) was seen in enterochromaffin (EC) cells partially co-localized with serotonin IR. Melatonin IR was also seen in pancreas islets. MT(1) and MT(2) IR were both found in the intestinal epithelium, in the submucosal and myenteric plexus, and in vessels in the GI tract as well as in pancreatic islets. MT(1) and MT(2) IR was strongest in the epithelium of the large intestine. In the other cell types, both MT(2) gene expression and IR were generally elevated compared to MT(1). Strong MT(2), IR was noted in EC cells but not MT(1) IR. Changes in gene expression that may result in reduced levels of melatonin were seen in relation to inflammation. CONCLUSION: Widespread gastroenteropancreatic expression of melatonin and its receptors in the GI tract and pancreas is in agreement with the multiple roles ascribed to melatonin, which include regulation of gastrointestinal motility, epithelial permeability as well as enteropancreatic cross-talk with plausible impact on metabolic control. Public Library of Science 2015-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4378860/ /pubmed/25822611 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120195 Text en © 2015 Söderquist et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Söderquist, Fanny
Hellström, Per M.
Cunningham, Janet L.
Human Gastroenteropancreatic Expression of Melatonin and Its Receptors MT1 and MT2
title Human Gastroenteropancreatic Expression of Melatonin and Its Receptors MT1 and MT2
title_full Human Gastroenteropancreatic Expression of Melatonin and Its Receptors MT1 and MT2
title_fullStr Human Gastroenteropancreatic Expression of Melatonin and Its Receptors MT1 and MT2
title_full_unstemmed Human Gastroenteropancreatic Expression of Melatonin and Its Receptors MT1 and MT2
title_short Human Gastroenteropancreatic Expression of Melatonin and Its Receptors MT1 and MT2
title_sort human gastroenteropancreatic expression of melatonin and its receptors mt1 and mt2
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25822611
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120195
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