Splenic and lymph nodal involvement in sarcoidosis mimicking lymphoma on fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography

Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease presenting with well-defined, bilateral, symmetric hilar and right paratracheal lymph node enlargement. Recently, fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) has been used to stage and detect occult site of active inflammation in sarcoidosis. F-18 FDG PET/CT has become a cornerstone imaging modality in the modern lymphoma management, which can present with generalized lymphadenopathy including mediastinal. We present a case series, which shows how sarcoidosis can be a “great mimic of lymphoma” on F-18 FDG PET/CT and how histopathology is essential in diagnosing sarcoidosis and ruling out lymphoma.