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Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome

Owing to the recent advances in neurotechnology and the progress in understanding of brain cognitive functions, improvements of cognitive performance or acceleration of learning process with brain enhancement systems is not out of our reach anymore, on the contrary, it is a tangible target of contem...

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Autores principales: Taya, Fumihiko, Sun, Yu, Babiloni, Fabio, Thakor, Nitish, Bezerianos, Anastasios
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381643/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883555
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00044
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author Taya, Fumihiko
Sun, Yu
Babiloni, Fabio
Thakor, Nitish
Bezerianos, Anastasios
author_facet Taya, Fumihiko
Sun, Yu
Babiloni, Fabio
Thakor, Nitish
Bezerianos, Anastasios
author_sort Taya, Fumihiko
collection PubMed
description Owing to the recent advances in neurotechnology and the progress in understanding of brain cognitive functions, improvements of cognitive performance or acceleration of learning process with brain enhancement systems is not out of our reach anymore, on the contrary, it is a tangible target of contemporary research. Although a variety of approaches have been proposed, we will mainly focus on cognitive training interventions, in which learners repeatedly perform cognitive tasks to improve their cognitive abilities. In this review article, we propose that the learning process during the cognitive training can be facilitated by an assistive system monitoring cognitive workloads using electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers, and the brain connectome approach can provide additional valuable biomarkers for facilitating leaners’ learning processes. For the purpose, we will introduce studies on the cognitive training interventions, EEG biomarkers for cognitive workload, and human brain connectome. As cognitive overload and mental fatigue would reduce or even eliminate gains of cognitive training interventions, a real-time monitoring of cognitive workload can facilitate the learning process by flexibly adjusting difficulty levels of the training task. Moreover, cognitive training interventions should have effects on brain sub-networks, not on a single brain region, and graph theoretical network metrics quantifying topological architecture of the brain network can differentiate with respect to individual cognitive states as well as to different individuals’ cognitive abilities, suggesting that the connectome is a valuable approach for tracking the learning progress. Although only a few studies have exploited the connectome approach for studying alterations of the brain network induced by cognitive training interventions so far, we believe that it would be a useful technique for capturing improvements of cognitive functions.
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spelling pubmed-43816432015-04-16 Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome Taya, Fumihiko Sun, Yu Babiloni, Fabio Thakor, Nitish Bezerianos, Anastasios Front Syst Neurosci Neuroscience Owing to the recent advances in neurotechnology and the progress in understanding of brain cognitive functions, improvements of cognitive performance or acceleration of learning process with brain enhancement systems is not out of our reach anymore, on the contrary, it is a tangible target of contemporary research. Although a variety of approaches have been proposed, we will mainly focus on cognitive training interventions, in which learners repeatedly perform cognitive tasks to improve their cognitive abilities. In this review article, we propose that the learning process during the cognitive training can be facilitated by an assistive system monitoring cognitive workloads using electroencephalography (EEG) biomarkers, and the brain connectome approach can provide additional valuable biomarkers for facilitating leaners’ learning processes. For the purpose, we will introduce studies on the cognitive training interventions, EEG biomarkers for cognitive workload, and human brain connectome. As cognitive overload and mental fatigue would reduce or even eliminate gains of cognitive training interventions, a real-time monitoring of cognitive workload can facilitate the learning process by flexibly adjusting difficulty levels of the training task. Moreover, cognitive training interventions should have effects on brain sub-networks, not on a single brain region, and graph theoretical network metrics quantifying topological architecture of the brain network can differentiate with respect to individual cognitive states as well as to different individuals’ cognitive abilities, suggesting that the connectome is a valuable approach for tracking the learning progress. Although only a few studies have exploited the connectome approach for studying alterations of the brain network induced by cognitive training interventions so far, we believe that it would be a useful technique for capturing improvements of cognitive functions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4381643/ /pubmed/25883555 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00044 Text en Copyright © 2015 Taya, Sun, Babiloni, Thakor and Bezerianos. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Taya, Fumihiko
Sun, Yu
Babiloni, Fabio
Thakor, Nitish
Bezerianos, Anastasios
Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome
title Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome
title_full Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome
title_fullStr Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome
title_full_unstemmed Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome
title_short Brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome
title_sort brain enhancement through cognitive training: a new insight from brain connectome
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381643/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883555
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00044
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