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Heroin Use Is Associated with Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response after LPS Exposure in HIV-Infected Individuals
BACKGROUND: Opioid use is associated with increased incidence of infectious diseases. Although experimental studies have shown that opioids affect various functions of immune cells, only limited data are available from human studies. Drug use is an important risk factor for HIV transmission; however...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382331/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122822 |
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author | Meijerink, Hinta Indrati, Agnes Utami, Fitri Soedarmo, Suharyani Alisjahbana, Bachti Netea, Mihai G. van Crevel, Reinout Wisaksana, Rudi van der Ven, Andre Jam |
author_facet | Meijerink, Hinta Indrati, Agnes Utami, Fitri Soedarmo, Suharyani Alisjahbana, Bachti Netea, Mihai G. van Crevel, Reinout Wisaksana, Rudi van der Ven, Andre Jam |
author_sort | Meijerink, Hinta |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Opioid use is associated with increased incidence of infectious diseases. Although experimental studies have shown that opioids affect various functions of immune cells, only limited data are available from human studies. Drug use is an important risk factor for HIV transmission; however no data are available whether heroin and/or methadone modulate immune response. Therefore, we examined the effect of heroin and methadone use among HIV-infected individuals on the production of cytokines after ex vivo stimulation with various pathogens. METHODS: Treatment naïve HIV-infected individuals from Indonesia were recruited. Several cohorts of individuals were recruited: 1) using heroin 2) receiving methadone opioid substitution 3) using heroin over 1 year ago and 4) controls (never used opioids). Whole blood was stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Candida albicans and LPS for 24 to 48 hours. Cytokine production (IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ and TNF-α) was determined using multiplex beads assay. RESULTS: Among 82 individuals, the cytokine levels in unstimulated samples did not differ between groups. Overall, heroin users had significantly lower cytokine response after exposure to LPS (p<0.05). After stimulation with either M. tuberculosis or C. albicans the cytokine production of all groups were comparable. CONCLUSION: The cytokine production after exposure to LPS is significantly down-regulated in HIV-infected heroin users. Interesting, methadone use did not suppress cytokine response, which could have implications guidelines of opioid substitution. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4382331 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43823312015-04-09 Heroin Use Is Associated with Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response after LPS Exposure in HIV-Infected Individuals Meijerink, Hinta Indrati, Agnes Utami, Fitri Soedarmo, Suharyani Alisjahbana, Bachti Netea, Mihai G. van Crevel, Reinout Wisaksana, Rudi van der Ven, Andre Jam PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Opioid use is associated with increased incidence of infectious diseases. Although experimental studies have shown that opioids affect various functions of immune cells, only limited data are available from human studies. Drug use is an important risk factor for HIV transmission; however no data are available whether heroin and/or methadone modulate immune response. Therefore, we examined the effect of heroin and methadone use among HIV-infected individuals on the production of cytokines after ex vivo stimulation with various pathogens. METHODS: Treatment naïve HIV-infected individuals from Indonesia were recruited. Several cohorts of individuals were recruited: 1) using heroin 2) receiving methadone opioid substitution 3) using heroin over 1 year ago and 4) controls (never used opioids). Whole blood was stimulated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Candida albicans and LPS for 24 to 48 hours. Cytokine production (IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ and TNF-α) was determined using multiplex beads assay. RESULTS: Among 82 individuals, the cytokine levels in unstimulated samples did not differ between groups. Overall, heroin users had significantly lower cytokine response after exposure to LPS (p<0.05). After stimulation with either M. tuberculosis or C. albicans the cytokine production of all groups were comparable. CONCLUSION: The cytokine production after exposure to LPS is significantly down-regulated in HIV-infected heroin users. Interesting, methadone use did not suppress cytokine response, which could have implications guidelines of opioid substitution. Public Library of Science 2015-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4382331/ /pubmed/25830312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122822 Text en © 2015 Meijerink et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Meijerink, Hinta Indrati, Agnes Utami, Fitri Soedarmo, Suharyani Alisjahbana, Bachti Netea, Mihai G. van Crevel, Reinout Wisaksana, Rudi van der Ven, Andre Jam Heroin Use Is Associated with Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response after LPS Exposure in HIV-Infected Individuals |
title | Heroin Use Is Associated with Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response after LPS Exposure in HIV-Infected Individuals |
title_full | Heroin Use Is Associated with Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response after LPS Exposure in HIV-Infected Individuals |
title_fullStr | Heroin Use Is Associated with Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response after LPS Exposure in HIV-Infected Individuals |
title_full_unstemmed | Heroin Use Is Associated with Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response after LPS Exposure in HIV-Infected Individuals |
title_short | Heroin Use Is Associated with Suppressed Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Response after LPS Exposure in HIV-Infected Individuals |
title_sort | heroin use is associated with suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine response after lps exposure in hiv-infected individuals |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382331/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25830312 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122822 |
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