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Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study
BACKGROUND: Although much has been written on the implications of friction generated between orthodontic archwires and labial brackets, information on lingual brackets is still limited. Hence, we set out to investigate the frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets, inclu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer-Verlag
2013
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4384939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24325847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-37 |
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author | Lombardo, Luca Wierusz, Weronika Toscano, Dominique Lapenta, Roberto Kaplan, Andrea Siciliani, Giuseppe |
author_facet | Lombardo, Luca Wierusz, Weronika Toscano, Dominique Lapenta, Roberto Kaplan, Andrea Siciliani, Giuseppe |
author_sort | Lombardo, Luca |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Although much has been written on the implications of friction generated between orthodontic archwires and labial brackets, information on lingual brackets is still limited. Hence, we set out to investigate the frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets, including both conventional and self-ligating designs. The effect of various factors, namely bracket/base width, slot size, inter-bracket distance, and first- (ΘcI) and second-order (ΘcII) critical contact angles were evaluated and compared. METHODS: A plaster model of a pretreatment oral cavity was replicated to provide 18 (9 upper and 9 lower) identical versions. The anterior segments of each were taken, and the canine and lateral and central incisors were mounted with either lingual (7th Generation, STb, New STb, In-Ovation L, ORJ) or labial (Mini-Mono, Mini Diamond, G&H Ceramic) brackets. Mechanical friction tests were performed on each type of bracket using a universal testing machine. The maximum force necessary to displace NiTi wires of two different diameters (0.012, 0.014) was measured, using both elastic and metal ligatures with conventional brackets. RESULTS: The frictional force necessary to displace the wires increased as the diameter of the wire increased in all tested brackets (p < 0.01). Friction was significantly higher (p < 0.001) with elastic ligatures, as compared with metal ones, in all conventional brackets. In the lower lingual group, significantly lower friction was generated at conventional lingual New STb brackets (p < 0.01) and ORJ lingual brackets (p < 0.05) than at self-ligating In-Ovation L lingual brackets. A significant statistical correlation between (ΘcI) and friction was detected in the lower labial bracket group. CONCLUSIONS: Friction resistance is influenced not only by the bracket type, type of ligation, and wire diameter but also by geometric differences in the brackets themselves. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4384939 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2013 |
publisher | Springer-Verlag |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43849392015-04-04 Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study Lombardo, Luca Wierusz, Weronika Toscano, Dominique Lapenta, Roberto Kaplan, Andrea Siciliani, Giuseppe Prog Orthod Research BACKGROUND: Although much has been written on the implications of friction generated between orthodontic archwires and labial brackets, information on lingual brackets is still limited. Hence, we set out to investigate the frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets, including both conventional and self-ligating designs. The effect of various factors, namely bracket/base width, slot size, inter-bracket distance, and first- (ΘcI) and second-order (ΘcII) critical contact angles were evaluated and compared. METHODS: A plaster model of a pretreatment oral cavity was replicated to provide 18 (9 upper and 9 lower) identical versions. The anterior segments of each were taken, and the canine and lateral and central incisors were mounted with either lingual (7th Generation, STb, New STb, In-Ovation L, ORJ) or labial (Mini-Mono, Mini Diamond, G&H Ceramic) brackets. Mechanical friction tests were performed on each type of bracket using a universal testing machine. The maximum force necessary to displace NiTi wires of two different diameters (0.012, 0.014) was measured, using both elastic and metal ligatures with conventional brackets. RESULTS: The frictional force necessary to displace the wires increased as the diameter of the wire increased in all tested brackets (p < 0.01). Friction was significantly higher (p < 0.001) with elastic ligatures, as compared with metal ones, in all conventional brackets. In the lower lingual group, significantly lower friction was generated at conventional lingual New STb brackets (p < 0.01) and ORJ lingual brackets (p < 0.05) than at self-ligating In-Ovation L lingual brackets. A significant statistical correlation between (ΘcI) and friction was detected in the lower labial bracket group. CONCLUSIONS: Friction resistance is influenced not only by the bracket type, type of ligation, and wire diameter but also by geometric differences in the brackets themselves. Springer-Verlag 2013-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4384939/ /pubmed/24325847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-37 Text en © Lombardo et al.; licensee Springer. 2013 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Lombardo, Luca Wierusz, Weronika Toscano, Dominique Lapenta, Roberto Kaplan, Andrea Siciliani, Giuseppe Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study |
title | Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study |
title_full | Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study |
title_fullStr | Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study |
title_full_unstemmed | Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study |
title_short | Frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study |
title_sort | frictional resistance exerted by different lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4384939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24325847 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2196-1042-14-37 |
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