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Pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (Livopan study)
INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment option for extensively photodamaged skin with multiple actinic kerastosis. However, the main drawback of PDT is the intensive pain experienced during its application, which makes it frequently necessary to interrupt or even terminate...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25823443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006412 |
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author | Gholam, Patrick Fink, Christine Uhlmann, Lorenz Enk, Alexander |
author_facet | Gholam, Patrick Fink, Christine Uhlmann, Lorenz Enk, Alexander |
author_sort | Gholam, Patrick |
collection | PubMed |
description | INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment option for extensively photodamaged skin with multiple actinic kerastosis. However, the main drawback of PDT is the intensive pain experienced during its application, which makes it frequently necessary to interrupt or even terminate the process resulting in incomplete treatment. Several strategies for controlling pain during PDT have been studied but few effective methods are currently available. Alternative options are urgently needed. Livopan, a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture, is indicated for the treatment of short-term pain conditions when rapid analgesic onset and offset effects are wanted. But so far, there are no studies evaluating the effect of Livopan on pain intensity during PDT. Therefore, it remains unclear whether patients benefit from this inhalation analgesia. Within the Livopan study, this issue will be evaluated for the first time. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Livopan study is a prospective, single-centre, explorative, controlled, observational study to investigate the pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during PDT according to the visual analogue scale in 60 patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was provided by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of the University of Heidelberg. Ethics approval number S-169/2014. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS): DRKS00006054. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4386268 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43862682015-04-10 Pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (Livopan study) Gholam, Patrick Fink, Christine Uhlmann, Lorenz Enk, Alexander BMJ Open Dermatology INTRODUCTION: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment option for extensively photodamaged skin with multiple actinic kerastosis. However, the main drawback of PDT is the intensive pain experienced during its application, which makes it frequently necessary to interrupt or even terminate the process resulting in incomplete treatment. Several strategies for controlling pain during PDT have been studied but few effective methods are currently available. Alternative options are urgently needed. Livopan, a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture, is indicated for the treatment of short-term pain conditions when rapid analgesic onset and offset effects are wanted. But so far, there are no studies evaluating the effect of Livopan on pain intensity during PDT. Therefore, it remains unclear whether patients benefit from this inhalation analgesia. Within the Livopan study, this issue will be evaluated for the first time. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The Livopan study is a prospective, single-centre, explorative, controlled, observational study to investigate the pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during PDT according to the visual analogue scale in 60 patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was provided by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of the University of Heidelberg. Ethics approval number S-169/2014. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS): DRKS00006054. BMJ Publishing Group 2015-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4386268/ /pubmed/25823443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006412 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Dermatology Gholam, Patrick Fink, Christine Uhlmann, Lorenz Enk, Alexander Pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (Livopan study) |
title | Pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (Livopan study) |
title_full | Pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (Livopan study) |
title_fullStr | Pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (Livopan study) |
title_full_unstemmed | Pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (Livopan study) |
title_short | Pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (Livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (Livopan study) |
title_sort | pain reduction in patients after applying a nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture (livopan) during photodynamic therapy: study protocol for an observational study (livopan study) |
topic | Dermatology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4386268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25823443 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006412 |
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