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Histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of Achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury

Animal models of forced running are used to study overuse tendinopathy, a common health problem for which clear evidence for effective and accessible treatments is still lacking. In these models, pain evaluation is necessary to better understand the disease, help design and evaluate therapies, and e...

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Autores principales: Jafari, Leila, Vachon, Pascal, Beaudry, Francis, Langelier, Eve
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4387767/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25602018
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12265
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author Jafari, Leila
Vachon, Pascal
Beaudry, Francis
Langelier, Eve
author_facet Jafari, Leila
Vachon, Pascal
Beaudry, Francis
Langelier, Eve
author_sort Jafari, Leila
collection PubMed
description Animal models of forced running are used to study overuse tendinopathy, a common health problem for which clear evidence for effective and accessible treatments is still lacking. In these models, pain evaluation is necessary to better understand the disease, help design and evaluate therapies, and ensure humane treatment of the animals. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate pain and pathologic findings in an animal model of moderate Achilles tendinopathy induced by treadmill running. Air puffs, instead of electrical shocks, were used to stimulate running so that pain associated with stimulation would be avoided. Pressure pain sensitivity was evaluated in vivo using a new instrumented plier, whereas spinal cord peptides were analyzed ex vivo with high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Tendon histologic slides were semiquantitatively evaluated, using the Bonar score technique and biomechanical properties, using the traction test. After 8 weeks of treadmill running (2 weeks for adaptation and 6 weeks for the lesion protocol), the protocol was stopped because the air puffs became ineffective to stimulate running. We, nevertheless, observed some histologic changes characteristic of overuse tendinopathy as well as decreased mechanical properties, increased Substance P and dynorphin A peptides but without pressure pain sensitivity. These results suggest that air‐puffs stimulation is sufficient to induce an early stage tendinopathy to study new therapeutic drugs without inducing unnecessary pain. They also indicate that pain‐associated peptides could be related with movement evoked pain and with the sharp breakdown of the running performance.
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spelling pubmed-43877672015-04-13 Histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of Achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury Jafari, Leila Vachon, Pascal Beaudry, Francis Langelier, Eve Physiol Rep Original Research Animal models of forced running are used to study overuse tendinopathy, a common health problem for which clear evidence for effective and accessible treatments is still lacking. In these models, pain evaluation is necessary to better understand the disease, help design and evaluate therapies, and ensure humane treatment of the animals. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate pain and pathologic findings in an animal model of moderate Achilles tendinopathy induced by treadmill running. Air puffs, instead of electrical shocks, were used to stimulate running so that pain associated with stimulation would be avoided. Pressure pain sensitivity was evaluated in vivo using a new instrumented plier, whereas spinal cord peptides were analyzed ex vivo with high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Tendon histologic slides were semiquantitatively evaluated, using the Bonar score technique and biomechanical properties, using the traction test. After 8 weeks of treadmill running (2 weeks for adaptation and 6 weeks for the lesion protocol), the protocol was stopped because the air puffs became ineffective to stimulate running. We, nevertheless, observed some histologic changes characteristic of overuse tendinopathy as well as decreased mechanical properties, increased Substance P and dynorphin A peptides but without pressure pain sensitivity. These results suggest that air‐puffs stimulation is sufficient to induce an early stage tendinopathy to study new therapeutic drugs without inducing unnecessary pain. They also indicate that pain‐associated peptides could be related with movement evoked pain and with the sharp breakdown of the running performance. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 2015-01-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4387767/ /pubmed/25602018 http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12265 Text en © 2015 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Jafari, Leila
Vachon, Pascal
Beaudry, Francis
Langelier, Eve
Histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of Achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury
title Histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of Achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury
title_full Histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of Achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury
title_fullStr Histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of Achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury
title_full_unstemmed Histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of Achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury
title_short Histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of Achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury
title_sort histopathological, biomechanical, and behavioral pain findings of achilles tendinopathy using an animal model of overuse injury
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4387767/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25602018
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.12265
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