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Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurrent, and severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality and medical comorbidities. Stress-related pathways have been directly involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. The present paper provides an overview on the stress system as a mo...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gold, Phillip W., Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo, Pavlatou, Maria G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4387963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25878903
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/581976
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author Gold, Phillip W.
Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo
Pavlatou, Maria G.
author_facet Gold, Phillip W.
Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo
Pavlatou, Maria G.
author_sort Gold, Phillip W.
collection PubMed
description Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurrent, and severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality and medical comorbidities. Stress-related pathways have been directly involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. The present paper provides an overview on the stress system as a model to understand key pathophysiological paradigms in MDD. These mechanisms involve behavioral, cognitive, and systemic manifestations and are also associated with the mechanisms of action of effective antidepressants. Aspects such as depression subtypes, inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and prothrombotic states in critical brain circuits and periphery are critically appraised. Finally, new strategies for approaching treatment-resistant major depression and potential adverse effects associated with this complex and intricate network are highlighted. The authors used PubMed as the database for this review. Each author extracted relevant data and assessed the methodological quality of each study.
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spelling pubmed-43879632015-04-15 Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress Gold, Phillip W. Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo Pavlatou, Maria G. Neural Plast Review Article Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, recurrent, and severe psychiatric disorder with high mortality and medical comorbidities. Stress-related pathways have been directly involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. The present paper provides an overview on the stress system as a model to understand key pathophysiological paradigms in MDD. These mechanisms involve behavioral, cognitive, and systemic manifestations and are also associated with the mechanisms of action of effective antidepressants. Aspects such as depression subtypes, inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and prothrombotic states in critical brain circuits and periphery are critically appraised. Finally, new strategies for approaching treatment-resistant major depression and potential adverse effects associated with this complex and intricate network are highlighted. The authors used PubMed as the database for this review. Each author extracted relevant data and assessed the methodological quality of each study. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 2015-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC4387963/ /pubmed/25878903 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/581976 Text en Copyright © 2015 Phillip W. Gold et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Gold, Phillip W.
Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo
Pavlatou, Maria G.
Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress
title Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress
title_full Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress
title_fullStr Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress
title_full_unstemmed Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress
title_short Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression: Relation to the Neurobiology of Stress
title_sort clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression: relation to the neurobiology of stress
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4387963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25878903
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/581976
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