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Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery

The central nervous system, one of the most delicate microenvironments of the body, is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulating its homeostasis. BBB is a highly complex structure that tightly regulates the movement of ions of a limited number of small molecules and of an even more restr...

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Autor principal: Masserini, Massimo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392984/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937958
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/238428
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author Masserini, Massimo
author_facet Masserini, Massimo
author_sort Masserini, Massimo
collection PubMed
description The central nervous system, one of the most delicate microenvironments of the body, is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulating its homeostasis. BBB is a highly complex structure that tightly regulates the movement of ions of a limited number of small molecules and of an even more restricted number of macromolecules from the blood to the brain, protecting it from injuries and diseases. However, the BBB also significantly precludes the delivery of drugs to the brain, thus, preventing the therapy of a number of neurological disorders. As a consequence, several strategies are currently being sought after to enhance the delivery of drugs across the BBB. Within this review, the recently born strategy of brain drug delivery based on the use of nanoparticles, multifunctional drug delivery systems with size in the order of one-billionth of meters, is described. The review also includes a brief description of the structural and physiological features of the barrier and of the most utilized nanoparticles for medical use. Finally, the potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles is discussed, and future technological approaches are described. The strong efforts to allow the translation from preclinical to concrete clinical applications are worth the economic investments.
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spelling pubmed-43929842015-05-03 Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery Masserini, Massimo ISRN Biochem Review Article The central nervous system, one of the most delicate microenvironments of the body, is protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulating its homeostasis. BBB is a highly complex structure that tightly regulates the movement of ions of a limited number of small molecules and of an even more restricted number of macromolecules from the blood to the brain, protecting it from injuries and diseases. However, the BBB also significantly precludes the delivery of drugs to the brain, thus, preventing the therapy of a number of neurological disorders. As a consequence, several strategies are currently being sought after to enhance the delivery of drugs across the BBB. Within this review, the recently born strategy of brain drug delivery based on the use of nanoparticles, multifunctional drug delivery systems with size in the order of one-billionth of meters, is described. The review also includes a brief description of the structural and physiological features of the barrier and of the most utilized nanoparticles for medical use. Finally, the potential neurotoxicity of nanoparticles is discussed, and future technological approaches are described. The strong efforts to allow the translation from preclinical to concrete clinical applications are worth the economic investments. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013-05-21 /pmc/articles/PMC4392984/ /pubmed/25937958 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/238428 Text en Copyright © 2013 Massimo Masserini. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Masserini, Massimo
Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery
title Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery
title_full Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery
title_fullStr Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery
title_full_unstemmed Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery
title_short Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery
title_sort nanoparticles for brain drug delivery
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392984/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25937958
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/238428
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