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Cancer Stratification by Molecular Imaging
The lack of specificity of traditional cytotoxic drugs has triggered the development of anticancer agents that selectively address specific molecular targets. An intrinsic property of these specialized drugs is their limited applicability for specific patient subgroups. Consequently, the generation...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394457/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25749472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16034918 |
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author | Weber, Justus Haberkorn, Uwe Mier, Walter |
author_facet | Weber, Justus Haberkorn, Uwe Mier, Walter |
author_sort | Weber, Justus |
collection | PubMed |
description | The lack of specificity of traditional cytotoxic drugs has triggered the development of anticancer agents that selectively address specific molecular targets. An intrinsic property of these specialized drugs is their limited applicability for specific patient subgroups. Consequently, the generation of information about tumor characteristics is the key to exploit the potential of these drugs. Currently, cancer stratification relies on three approaches: Gene expression analysis and cancer proteomics, immunohistochemistry and molecular imaging. In order to enable the precise localization of functionally expressed targets, molecular imaging combines highly selective biomarkers and intense signal sources. Thus, cancer stratification and localization are performed simultaneously. Many cancer types are characterized by altered receptor expression, such as somatostatin receptors, folate receptors or Her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). Similar correlations are also known for a multitude of transporters, such as glucose transporters, amino acid transporters or hNIS (human sodium iodide symporter), as well as cell specific proteins, such as the prostate specific membrane antigen, integrins, and CD20. This review provides a comprehensive description of the methods, targets and agents used in molecular imaging, to outline their application for cancer stratification. Emphasis is placed on radiotracers which are used to identify altered expression patterns of cancer associated markers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4394457 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43944572015-05-21 Cancer Stratification by Molecular Imaging Weber, Justus Haberkorn, Uwe Mier, Walter Int J Mol Sci Review The lack of specificity of traditional cytotoxic drugs has triggered the development of anticancer agents that selectively address specific molecular targets. An intrinsic property of these specialized drugs is their limited applicability for specific patient subgroups. Consequently, the generation of information about tumor characteristics is the key to exploit the potential of these drugs. Currently, cancer stratification relies on three approaches: Gene expression analysis and cancer proteomics, immunohistochemistry and molecular imaging. In order to enable the precise localization of functionally expressed targets, molecular imaging combines highly selective biomarkers and intense signal sources. Thus, cancer stratification and localization are performed simultaneously. Many cancer types are characterized by altered receptor expression, such as somatostatin receptors, folate receptors or Her2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). Similar correlations are also known for a multitude of transporters, such as glucose transporters, amino acid transporters or hNIS (human sodium iodide symporter), as well as cell specific proteins, such as the prostate specific membrane antigen, integrins, and CD20. This review provides a comprehensive description of the methods, targets and agents used in molecular imaging, to outline their application for cancer stratification. Emphasis is placed on radiotracers which are used to identify altered expression patterns of cancer associated markers. MDPI 2015-03-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4394457/ /pubmed/25749472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16034918 Text en © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Weber, Justus Haberkorn, Uwe Mier, Walter Cancer Stratification by Molecular Imaging |
title | Cancer Stratification by Molecular Imaging |
title_full | Cancer Stratification by Molecular Imaging |
title_fullStr | Cancer Stratification by Molecular Imaging |
title_full_unstemmed | Cancer Stratification by Molecular Imaging |
title_short | Cancer Stratification by Molecular Imaging |
title_sort | cancer stratification by molecular imaging |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4394457/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25749472 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms16034918 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT weberjustus cancerstratificationbymolecularimaging AT haberkornuwe cancerstratificationbymolecularimaging AT mierwalter cancerstratificationbymolecularimaging |