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Strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control

Plants are sessile organisms that are permanently restricted to their site of germination. To compensate for their lack of mobility, plants evolved unique mechanisms enabling them to rapidly react to ever changing environmental conditions and flexibly adapt their postembryonic developmental program....

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Autores principales: Žádníková, Petra, Smet, Dajo, Zhu, Qiang, Straeten, Dominique Van Der, Benková, Eva
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926839
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00218
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author Žádníková, Petra
Smet, Dajo
Zhu, Qiang
Straeten, Dominique Van Der
Benková, Eva
author_facet Žádníková, Petra
Smet, Dajo
Zhu, Qiang
Straeten, Dominique Van Der
Benková, Eva
author_sort Žádníková, Petra
collection PubMed
description Plants are sessile organisms that are permanently restricted to their site of germination. To compensate for their lack of mobility, plants evolved unique mechanisms enabling them to rapidly react to ever changing environmental conditions and flexibly adapt their postembryonic developmental program. A prominent demonstration of this developmental plasticity is their ability to bend organs in order to reach the position most optimal for growth and utilization of light, nutrients, and other resources. Shortly after germination, dicotyledonous seedlings form a bended structure, the so-called apical hook, to protect the delicate shoot meristem and cotyledons from damage when penetrating through the soil. Upon perception of a light stimulus, the apical hook rapidly opens and the photomorphogenic developmental program is activated. After germination, plant organs are able to align their growth with the light source and adopt the most favorable orientation through bending, in a process named phototropism. On the other hand, when roots and shoots are diverted from their upright orientation, they immediately detect a change in the gravity vector and bend to maintain a vertical growth direction. Noteworthy, despite the diversity of external stimuli perceived by different plant organs, all plant tropic movements share a common mechanistic basis: differential cell growth. In our review, we will discuss the molecular principles underlying various tropic responses with the focus on mechanisms mediating the perception of external signals, transduction cascades and downstream responses that regulate differential cell growth and consequently, organ bending. In particular, we highlight common and specific features of regulatory pathways in control of the bending of organs and a role for the plant hormone auxin as a key regulatory component.
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spelling pubmed-43961992015-04-29 Strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control Žádníková, Petra Smet, Dajo Zhu, Qiang Straeten, Dominique Van Der Benková, Eva Front Plant Sci Plant Science Plants are sessile organisms that are permanently restricted to their site of germination. To compensate for their lack of mobility, plants evolved unique mechanisms enabling them to rapidly react to ever changing environmental conditions and flexibly adapt their postembryonic developmental program. A prominent demonstration of this developmental plasticity is their ability to bend organs in order to reach the position most optimal for growth and utilization of light, nutrients, and other resources. Shortly after germination, dicotyledonous seedlings form a bended structure, the so-called apical hook, to protect the delicate shoot meristem and cotyledons from damage when penetrating through the soil. Upon perception of a light stimulus, the apical hook rapidly opens and the photomorphogenic developmental program is activated. After germination, plant organs are able to align their growth with the light source and adopt the most favorable orientation through bending, in a process named phototropism. On the other hand, when roots and shoots are diverted from their upright orientation, they immediately detect a change in the gravity vector and bend to maintain a vertical growth direction. Noteworthy, despite the diversity of external stimuli perceived by different plant organs, all plant tropic movements share a common mechanistic basis: differential cell growth. In our review, we will discuss the molecular principles underlying various tropic responses with the focus on mechanisms mediating the perception of external signals, transduction cascades and downstream responses that regulate differential cell growth and consequently, organ bending. In particular, we highlight common and specific features of regulatory pathways in control of the bending of organs and a role for the plant hormone auxin as a key regulatory component. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4396199/ /pubmed/25926839 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00218 Text en Copyright © 2015 Žádníková, Smet, Zhu, Van Der Straeten and Benková. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Žádníková, Petra
Smet, Dajo
Zhu, Qiang
Straeten, Dominique Van Der
Benková, Eva
Strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control
title Strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control
title_full Strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control
title_fullStr Strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control
title_full_unstemmed Strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control
title_short Strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control
title_sort strategies of seedlings to overcome their sessile nature: auxin in mobility control
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396199/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926839
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00218
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