Cargando…

Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity

Because ferns have a wide range of habitat preferences and are widely distributed, they are an ideal group for understanding how diversity is distributed. Here we examine fern diversity on a broad-scale using standard and corrected richness measures as well as phylogenetic indices; in addition we de...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nagalingum, Nathalie S., Knerr, Nunzio, Laffan, Shawn W., González-Orozco, Carlos E., Thornhill, Andrew H., Miller, Joseph T., Mishler, Brent D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2015
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926846
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00132
_version_ 1782366574559100928
author Nagalingum, Nathalie S.
Knerr, Nunzio
Laffan, Shawn W.
González-Orozco, Carlos E.
Thornhill, Andrew H.
Miller, Joseph T.
Mishler, Brent D.
author_facet Nagalingum, Nathalie S.
Knerr, Nunzio
Laffan, Shawn W.
González-Orozco, Carlos E.
Thornhill, Andrew H.
Miller, Joseph T.
Mishler, Brent D.
author_sort Nagalingum, Nathalie S.
collection PubMed
description Because ferns have a wide range of habitat preferences and are widely distributed, they are an ideal group for understanding how diversity is distributed. Here we examine fern diversity on a broad-scale using standard and corrected richness measures as well as phylogenetic indices; in addition we determine the environmental predictors of each diversity metric. Using the combined records of Australian herbaria, a dataset of over 60,000 records was obtained for 89 genera to infer richness. A molecular phylogeny of all the genera was constructed and combined with the herbarium records to obtain phylogenetic diversity patterns. A hotspot of both taxic and phylogenetic diversity occurs in the Wet Tropics of northeastern Australia. Although considerable diversity is distributed along the eastern coast, some important regions of diversity are identified only after sample-standardization of richness and through the phylogenetic metric. Of all of the metrics, annual precipitation was identified as the most explanatory variable, in part, in agreement with global and regional fern studies. However, precipitation was combined with a different variable for each different metric. For corrected richness, precipitation was combined with temperature seasonality, while correlation of phylogenetic diversity to precipitation plus radiation indicated support for the species-energy hypothesis. Significantly high and significantly low phylogenetic diversity were found in geographically separate areas. These separate areas correlated with different climatic conditions such as seasonality in precipitation. The phylogenetic metrics identified additional areas of significant diversity, some of which have not been revealed using traditional taxonomic analyses, suggesting that different ecological and evolutionary processes have operated over the continent. Our study demonstrates that it is possible and vital to incorporate evolutionary metrics when inferring biodiversity hotspots from large compilations of data.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4396410
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2015
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-43964102015-04-29 Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity Nagalingum, Nathalie S. Knerr, Nunzio Laffan, Shawn W. González-Orozco, Carlos E. Thornhill, Andrew H. Miller, Joseph T. Mishler, Brent D. Front Genet Genetics Because ferns have a wide range of habitat preferences and are widely distributed, they are an ideal group for understanding how diversity is distributed. Here we examine fern diversity on a broad-scale using standard and corrected richness measures as well as phylogenetic indices; in addition we determine the environmental predictors of each diversity metric. Using the combined records of Australian herbaria, a dataset of over 60,000 records was obtained for 89 genera to infer richness. A molecular phylogeny of all the genera was constructed and combined with the herbarium records to obtain phylogenetic diversity patterns. A hotspot of both taxic and phylogenetic diversity occurs in the Wet Tropics of northeastern Australia. Although considerable diversity is distributed along the eastern coast, some important regions of diversity are identified only after sample-standardization of richness and through the phylogenetic metric. Of all of the metrics, annual precipitation was identified as the most explanatory variable, in part, in agreement with global and regional fern studies. However, precipitation was combined with a different variable for each different metric. For corrected richness, precipitation was combined with temperature seasonality, while correlation of phylogenetic diversity to precipitation plus radiation indicated support for the species-energy hypothesis. Significantly high and significantly low phylogenetic diversity were found in geographically separate areas. These separate areas correlated with different climatic conditions such as seasonality in precipitation. The phylogenetic metrics identified additional areas of significant diversity, some of which have not been revealed using traditional taxonomic analyses, suggesting that different ecological and evolutionary processes have operated over the continent. Our study demonstrates that it is possible and vital to incorporate evolutionary metrics when inferring biodiversity hotspots from large compilations of data. Frontiers Media S.A. 2015-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4396410/ /pubmed/25926846 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00132 Text en Copyright © 2015 Nagalingum, Knerr, Laffan, González-Orozco, Thornhill, Miller and Mishler. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Genetics
Nagalingum, Nathalie S.
Knerr, Nunzio
Laffan, Shawn W.
González-Orozco, Carlos E.
Thornhill, Andrew H.
Miller, Joseph T.
Mishler, Brent D.
Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity
title Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity
title_full Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity
title_fullStr Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity
title_full_unstemmed Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity
title_short Continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity
title_sort continental scale patterns and predictors of fern richness and phylogenetic diversity
topic Genetics
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4396410/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25926846
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2015.00132
work_keys_str_mv AT nagalingumnathalies continentalscalepatternsandpredictorsoffernrichnessandphylogeneticdiversity
AT knerrnunzio continentalscalepatternsandpredictorsoffernrichnessandphylogeneticdiversity
AT laffanshawnw continentalscalepatternsandpredictorsoffernrichnessandphylogeneticdiversity
AT gonzalezorozcocarlose continentalscalepatternsandpredictorsoffernrichnessandphylogeneticdiversity
AT thornhillandrewh continentalscalepatternsandpredictorsoffernrichnessandphylogeneticdiversity
AT millerjosepht continentalscalepatternsandpredictorsoffernrichnessandphylogeneticdiversity
AT mishlerbrentd continentalscalepatternsandpredictorsoffernrichnessandphylogeneticdiversity