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On the divide between animate and inanimate
Vitalism was abandoned already for a long time ago, yet the impression that animate beings differ in some fundamental way from inanimate objects continues to thrive. Here, we argue that scale free patterns, found throughout nature, present convincing evidence that this demarcation is only imaginary....
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2015
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4398879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25904989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13322-015-0008-8 |
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author | Annila, Arto Kolehmainen, Erkki |
author_facet | Annila, Arto Kolehmainen, Erkki |
author_sort | Annila, Arto |
collection | PubMed |
description | Vitalism was abandoned already for a long time ago, yet the impression that animate beings differ in some fundamental way from inanimate objects continues to thrive. Here, we argue that scale free patterns, found throughout nature, present convincing evidence that this demarcation is only imaginary. Therefore, all systems ought to be regarded alike, i.e., all are consuming free energy in least time. This way evolutionary processes can be understood as a series of changes from one state to another, so that flows of energy themselves naturally select those ways and means, such as species and societies or gadgets and galaxies to consume free energy in the least time in quest of attaining thermodynamic balance in respective surroundings. This holistic worldview, albeit an accurate account of nature, was shelved soon after its advent at the turn of the 18(th) century, because the general tenet did not meet that time expectations of a deterministic law, but now it is time to reconsider the old universal imperative against observations rather than expectations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4398879 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2015 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-43988792015-04-20 On the divide between animate and inanimate Annila, Arto Kolehmainen, Erkki J Syst Chem Commentary Vitalism was abandoned already for a long time ago, yet the impression that animate beings differ in some fundamental way from inanimate objects continues to thrive. Here, we argue that scale free patterns, found throughout nature, present convincing evidence that this demarcation is only imaginary. Therefore, all systems ought to be regarded alike, i.e., all are consuming free energy in least time. This way evolutionary processes can be understood as a series of changes from one state to another, so that flows of energy themselves naturally select those ways and means, such as species and societies or gadgets and galaxies to consume free energy in the least time in quest of attaining thermodynamic balance in respective surroundings. This holistic worldview, albeit an accurate account of nature, was shelved soon after its advent at the turn of the 18(th) century, because the general tenet did not meet that time expectations of a deterministic law, but now it is time to reconsider the old universal imperative against observations rather than expectations. Springer International Publishing 2015-02-19 2015 /pmc/articles/PMC4398879/ /pubmed/25904989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13322-015-0008-8 Text en © Annila and Kolehmainen; licensee Springer. 2015 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Commentary Annila, Arto Kolehmainen, Erkki On the divide between animate and inanimate |
title | On the divide between animate and inanimate |
title_full | On the divide between animate and inanimate |
title_fullStr | On the divide between animate and inanimate |
title_full_unstemmed | On the divide between animate and inanimate |
title_short | On the divide between animate and inanimate |
title_sort | on the divide between animate and inanimate |
topic | Commentary |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4398879/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25904989 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13322-015-0008-8 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT annilaarto onthedividebetweenanimateandinanimate AT kolehmainenerkki onthedividebetweenanimateandinanimate |