Kidney light chain disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Light chain deposit disease (LCDD) is a rare condition caused by deposition of overproduced monoclonal light chains and has been frequently related to multiple myeloma or lymphocytic disorders. LCDD in association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has only been described twice in the literature and is thought to result from HIV direct/indirect effects on B and T-cell populations, leading to chronic immune activation with paraprotein production. We report a renal LCDD case diagnosed at autopsy in a severely immunodepressed HIV patient and analyse renal histopathology of 18 HIV patients who had an autopsy in our department between 2000 and 2010.